Effects of Dram Shop, Responsible Beverage Service Training, and State Alcohol Control Laws on Underage Drinking Driver Fatal Crash Ratios.
Effects of Dram Shop, Responsible Beverage Service Training, and State Alcohol Control Laws on Underage Drinking Driver Fatal Crash Ratios.
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DOI：
10.1080/15389588.2015.1064909
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Voas RB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Scherer M;Fell JC;Thomas S;Voas RB
在这项研究中，我们的目的是确定是否有三个最低法律的饮酒年龄21（MLDA-21）的法律，杂货店责任，负责任的饮料服务（RBS）的培训，国家控制酒精销售的影响，未成年人饮酒和驾驶致命的事故，使用年度国家级数据，并比较了国家与弱法律，以检查其对啤酒消费量和致命事故率的影响。使用死亡分析报告系统，我们计算了21岁以下饮酒与非饮酒驾驶员参与致命车祸的比例，作为我们的关键结果指标。我们使用结构方程模型来评估这三个MLDA-21定律。我们控制了已知会影响致命车祸的协变量，包括：17项额外的MLDA-21法律;行政许可撤销;驾驶时血液酒精浓度限制为0.08和0.10;安全带法律;清醒检查站频率;失业率;和车辆行驶里程。结果变量，除了21岁以下饮酒与非饮酒司机的致命车祸比率外，还包括州人均啤酒消费量。Dram商店责任法与2.4%的总效应下降相关（直接效应：β = .019，p = .018）。类似地，RBS培训法与21岁以下饮酒与非饮酒驾驶员参与致命车祸的比率的3.6%总效应下降相关（直接效应：β = 0.048，p = 0.001）。零售店责任法强度与人均啤酒消费量之间存在显著关系，F（4，1528）= 24.32，p <0.001，偏η2 = 0.016，显示零售店责任法强度高的州（平均值（M）= 1.276）平均人均啤酒消费量显著低于法律强度低的州（M = 1.340）。Dram商店责任法和RBS法都与人均啤酒消费量和致命事故率的显著降低有关。实际上，这意味着在目前有法律的45个司法管辖区中，商店责任法目前与拯救估计64人的生命有关。如果剩下的6个州通过了这项法律，每年可能会再挽救9条生命。同样，苏格兰皇家银行的培训法与目前拥有该法的37个司法管辖区中约83人的生命有关。如果剩下的14个州通过这些RBS培训法，我们估计可能会挽救另外28条生命。
In this study, we aimed to determine whether three minimum legal drinking age 21 (MLDA-21) laws—dram shop liability, responsible beverage service (RBS) training, and state control of alcohol sales—have had an impact on underage drinking-and-driving fatal crashes using annual state-level data, and compared states with strong laws to those with weak laws to examine their effect on beer consumption and fatal crash ratios. Using the Fatality Analysis Reporting System, we calculated the ratio of drinking to nondrinking drivers under age 21 involved in fatal crashes as our key outcome measure. We used structural equation modeling to evaluate the three MLDA-21 laws. We controlled for covariates known to impact fatal crashes including: 17 additional MLDA-21 laws; administrative license revocation; blood alcohol concentration limits of .08 and .10 for driving; seat belt laws; sobriety checkpoint frequency; unemployment rates; and vehicle miles traveled. Outcome variables, in addition to the fatal crash ratios of drinking to nondrinking drivers under age 21 included state per capita beer consumption. Dram shop liability laws were associated with a 2.4% total effect decrease (direct effects: β = .019, p = .018). Similarly, RBS training laws were associated with a 3.6% total effect decrease (direct effects: β = .048, p = .001) in the ratio of drinking to nondrinking drivers under age 21 involved in fatal crashes. There was a significant relationship between dram shop liability law strength and per capita beer consumption, F (4, 1528) = 24.32, p < .001, partial η2 = .016, showing states with strong dram shop liability laws (Mean (M) = 1.276) averaging significantly lower per capita beer consumption than states with weak laws (M = 1.340). Dram shop liability laws and RBS laws were both associated with significantly reduced per capita beer consumption and fatal crash ratios. In practical terms, this means that dram shop liability laws are currently associated with saving an estimated 64 lives in the 45 jurisdictions that currently have the law. If the remaining 6 states adopted the dram shop law, an additional 9 lives could potentially be saved annually. Similarly, RBS training laws are associated with saving an estimated 83 lives in the 37 jurisdictions that currently have the law. If the remaining 14 states adopted these RBS training laws, we estimate that an additional 28 lives could potentially be saved.