Xiphophorus interspecies hybrids as genetic models of induced neoplasia.
Xiphophorus interspecies hybrids as genetic models of induced neoplasia.
复制标题
剑尾鱼种间杂交作为诱发肿瘤的遗传模型。
DOI：
10.1093/ilar.42.4.299
复制
发表时间：
2001
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Kazianis,S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Walter,RB;Kazianis,S
剑尾鱼属（鸭嘴鱼和剑尾鱼）体型较小，体内受精，能生育，源自墨西哥、危地马拉、伯利兹和洪都拉斯的淡水栖息地。科学家利用这些鱼进行癌症研究已有 70 多年的历史。该属目前由 22 个物种组成，其外部形态差异很大。大多数使用剑尾鱼的癌症研究都使用杂交品种，这种杂交品种可以通过人工授精轻松生产。由于杂交鱼缺乏基因调控，表型特征（例如大黑素细胞色素模式）常常发生巨大改变。由于这些色素模式的表达上调，这些鱼可能会形成大的外生性黑色素瘤。由于回交杂交鱼容易发生黑色素瘤和其他肿瘤，因此它们可能会受到潜在有害的化学和物理因素的影响。因此，可以使用基因作图和克隆方法来鉴定和表征与自发性或诱发性肿瘤有关的癌基因和肿瘤抑制因子。本文回顾了使用Xihophorus进行癌症研究的历史，以及涉及肿瘤表型的候选基因的DNA修复能力、定位和克隆的最新进展。对这些鱼类黑色素瘤的特殊遗传复杂性进行了分析和回顾。
Fishes of the genusXiphophorus(platyfishes and swordtails) are small, internally fertilizing, livebearing, and derived from freshwater habitats in Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, and Honduras. Scientists have used these fishes in cancer research studies for more than 70 yr. The genus is presently composed of 22 species that are quite divergent in their external morphology. Most cancer studies usingXiphophorususe hybrids, which can be easily produced by artificial insemination. Phenotypic traits, such as macromelanophore pigment patterns, are often drastically altered as a result of lack of gene regulation within hybrid fishes. These fish can develop large exophytic melanomas as a result of upregulated expression of these pigment patterns. Because backcross hybrid fish are susceptible to the development of melanoma and other neoplasms, they can be subjected to potentially deleterious chemical and physical agents. It is thus possible to use gene mapping and cloning methodologies to identify and characterize oncogenes and tumor suppressors implicated in spontaneous or induced neoplasia. This article reviews the history of cancer research usingXiphophorusand recent developments regarding DNA repair capabilities, mapping, and cloning of candidate genes involved in neoplastic phenotypes. The particular genetic complexity of melanoma in these fishes is analyzed and reviewed.