Can exogenous stem cells be used in transplantation?
Can exogenous stem cells be used in transplantation?
复制标题
外源干细胞可以用于移植吗？
DOI：
10.1159/000016684
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发表时间：
1999
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Fiszman,MY
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Boheler,KR;Fiszman,MY
当今移植中最紧迫的问题是缺乏合适的供体器官和组织，随着人口老龄化，对器官和组织治疗的需求只会增加。器官移植的另一种选择是细胞治疗，其目的是替换、修复或增强受损组织或病变器官的生物功能。因此，细胞移植的一个目标是找到可用于人类的可再生细胞来源。胚胎干细胞（ES）具有在体外未分化和多能状态下增殖的潜力。理论上，胚胎干细胞能够在体外无限增殖。胚胎干细胞可以自发分化为内胚层、外胚层和中胚层这三个主要胚层的衍生物，从而提供了理论上可以分离并用于移植的体外细胞。此外，这些多能干细胞可以潜在地用于产生大量的细胞，这些细胞可以在体外进行基因修饰。一旦获得，这种细胞来源可能会消除器官移植的一些关键需求。小鼠胚胎干细胞已被广泛研究，所有现有证据表明，胚胎干细胞确实满足了上述所有期望。胚胎干细胞和胚胎生殖细胞最近被分离出来并在培养中维持。最近对人类胚胎干细胞的描述预示着异体体外分化细胞最终将用于人类治疗。然而，这一目标充满了障碍。我们的目的是首先回顾小鼠胚胎干细胞的最新进展，然后指出将人类胚胎干细胞用于移植的潜力和困难。
Today’s most urgent problem in transplantation is the lack of suitable donor organs and tissues and as the population ages, demands for organs and tissue therapies will only increase. One alternative to organ transplantation is cell therapy whose aim is to replace, repair or enhance the biological function of damaged tissue or diseased organs. One goal of cellular transplantation thus has been to find a renewable source of cells that could be used in humans. Embryonic stem (ES) cells have the potential to proliferate in vitro in an undifferentiated and pluripotent state. Theoretically, ES cells are capable of unlimited proliferation in vitro. ES cells spontaneously differentiate into derivatives of all three primary germ layers: endoderm, ectoderm and mesoderm, hence providing cells in vitro which can theoretically be isolated and used for transplantation. Furthermore, these pluripotent stem cells can potentially be used to produce large numbers of cells that can be genetically modified in vitro. Once available, this source of cells may obviate some of the critical needs for organ transplantation. Murine ES cells have been extensively studied and all available evidence indicates that all aforementioned expectations are indeed fulfilled by ES cells. ES cells as well as embryonic germ cells have recently been isolated and maintained in culture. The recent descriptions of human ES cells portend the eventual use of allogeneic in vitro differentiated cells for human therapy. This goal, however, is fraught with obstacles. Our aim is first to review the recent advances made with murine ES cells and then to point out potentials and difficulties associated with the use of human ES cells for transplantation.