Unraveling genomic regulatory networks in the simple chordate, Ciona intestinalis.
Unraveling genomic regulatory networks in the simple chordate, Ciona intestinalis.
复制标题
解开简单脊索动物海鞘的基因组调控网络。
作者：
W. Shi;M. Levine;B. Davidson
原始脊索动物Ciona Ciona的基因组草图于三年前发表。从那时起，在利用玻璃海鞘的基因组和形态学的简单性，以更好地了解保守的脊索动物发育过程中取得了重大进展。阶段EST文库的广泛注释和测序使玻璃海鞘基因组成为公开可用的基因组中注释最好的基因组之一。玻璃海鞘蝌蚪的形成依赖于简单、明确的细胞谱系，并且有可能将关键的脊索组织（如脊索和神经管）的谱系追溯到受精卵。电穿孔方法允许在确定的细胞谱系中靶向表达调控基因和信号传导分子，以及快速鉴定细胞特异性基因表达背后的调控DNA。最近对第二个玻璃海鞘基因组的测序（C。savignyi）允许使用简单的比对算法来鉴定保守的非编码序列，包括微小RNA基因和增强子。现在几乎每个编码调节蛋白或细胞信号分子的基因都有详细的表达谱。基因表达谱，比较基因组分析和基因破坏分析相结合，应允许确定高分辨率的基因组调控网络的基本脊索组织，如心脏，血液，脊索和神经管的规格。
The draft genome of the primitive chordate, Ciona intestinalis, was published three years ago. Since then, significant progress has been made in utilizing Ciona's genomic and morphological simplicity to better understand conserved chordate developmental processes. Extensive annotation and sequencing of staged EST libraries make the Ciona genome one of the best annotated among those that are publicly available. The formation of the Ciona tadpole depends on simple, well-defined cellular lineages, and it is possible to trace the lineages of key chordate tissues such as the notochord and neural tube to the fertilized egg. Electroporation methods permit the targeted expression of regulatory genes and signaling molecules in defined cell lineages, as well as the rapid identification of regulatory DNAs underlying cell-specific gene expression. The recent sequencing of a second Ciona genome (C. savignyi) permits the use of simple alignment algorithms for the identification of conserved noncoding sequences, including microRNA genes and enhancers. Detailed expression profiles are now available for almost every gene that encodes a regulatory protein or cell-signaling molecule. The combination of gene-expression profiles, comparative genome analysis, and gene-disruption assays should permit the determination of high-resolution genomic regulatory networks underlying the specification of basic chordate tissues such as the heart, blood, notochord, and neural tube.