Japan’s Foreign Aid Policy: Has It Changed? Thirty Years of ODA Charters
Japan’s Foreign Aid Policy: Has It Changed? Thirty Years of ODA Charters
复制标题
日本的对外援助政策：三十年的官方发展援助宪章发生了变化吗？
DOI：
10.1093/ssjj/jyac010
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
1.1
通讯作者：
HOSHIRO Hiroyuki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
楊天石;岩谷將;郭岱君;HOSHIRO Hiroyuki
自日本政府公布其第一个《官方发展援助宪章》以来，已经过去了近30年。虽然ODA章程规定了政府对外援助政策的基本方针，但以往的研究都低估了ODA章程的影响。与此相反，本研究认为，ODA宪章在很多方面改变了日本的援助分配行为。第一，关于军事问题：自1992年《官方发展援助宪章》出台以来，发展中国家试验大规模毁灭性武器以及亚洲以外的发展中国家用于常规武器的军事开支对日本的援助产生了负面影响。2015年《发展合作宪章》将与军事人员的非军事合作作为新的原则引入，从2015年起，这种合作类型有所增加，这清楚地表明了《宪章》的影响力。在2003年的宪章中，首次提出了以日本自身利益为目的的对外援助，此后，这类援助的比例不断增加。避免军事力量和将经济利益返还日本的目标在战后日本国内长期以来得到了强有力的支持，这些目标被无缝地纳入了ODA宪章。与此相反，在ODA章程中，虽然明确规定了促进民主化和保护可信赖的对象（从国外引进的国际援助规范）的目标，但这并没有对实际的援助分配行为产生影响。
Nearly 30 years have passed since the government of Japan unveiled its first Official Development Assistance Charter. Although it sets forth fundamental guidelines for the government’s foreign aid policy, previous studies have downplayed the influence of the ODA Charter. By contrast, this study argues that the ODA Charter changed Japan’s aid allocation behavior in relation to a number of issues. First, regarding military matters: since the introduction of the 1992 ODA Charter, testing of weapons of mass destruction by developing nations, as well as military expenditures for conventional weaponry by developing nations outside of Asia, have had a negative effect on aid from Japan. Non-military cooperation with military personnel was newly introduced as a principle in the 2015 Development Cooperation Charter, and that type of cooperation increased from 2015 on, a clear indication of the influence of the Charter. Foreign aid designed to serve Japan’s own interests was first discussed in the 2003 Charter, and the proportion of that type of aid has since increased. The aims of avoiding military force and returning economic benefits to Japan, which have long had strong domestic support in postwar Japan, were seamlessly incorporated into the ODA Charter. By contrast, the aims of promoting democratization and protecting the vulnerable—international norms for foreign aid, imported from abroad—are duly set forth in the ODA Charter, which ostensibly guides Japan’s foreign aid policy, but they have had no impact on its actual aid allocation behavior.