Hot Spots and Hot Moments in the Critical Zone: Identification of and Incorporation into Reactive Transport Models
Hot Spots and Hot Moments in the Critical Zone: Identification of and Incorporation into Reactive Transport Models
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关键区域的热点和热点时刻：识别并纳入反应性运输模型
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-030-95921-0_2
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Bhavna Arora, Martin A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bhavna Arora, Martin A.
由于水文通量、岩性特征、生物地貌特征和外部强迫等控制因素的变化，生物地球化学过程往往在空间上是离散的（热点），在时间上是孤立的（热点时刻）。虽然这些热点和热点时刻（HSHMs）占关键区内碳，氮和养分循环的很高比例，但识别并将其纳入反应性运输模型的能力仍然是一个重大挑战。本章提供了一个概述的热点热点时刻（HSHMs）的概念，过去的工作主要集中在河流系统内的碳和氮的动态。这项工作总结的背景下，基于过程和数据驱动的建模方法，包括最近的研究，投下更广泛的网络，纳入汞，铁和其他关键区元素的简要说明，并侧重于跨学科的方法和概念。本章的更广泛的目标是提供一个概述的差距，我们目前的理解HSHMs，其中的机会，同时特别关注的基本参数和过程，导致其预测和诊断的反应性传输模型的代表性。
Biogeochemical processes are often spatially discrete (hot spots) and temporally isolated (hot moments) due to variability in controlling factors like hydrologic fluxes, lithological characteristics, bio-geomorphic features, and external forcing. Although these hot spots and hot moments (HSHMs) account for a high percentage of carbon, nitrogen and nutrient cycling within the Critical Zone, the ability to identify and incorporate them into reactive transport models remains a significant challenge. This chapter provides an overview of the hot spots hot moments (HSHMs) concepts, where past work has largely focused on carbon and nitrogen dynamics within riverine systems. This work is summarized in the context of process-based and data-driven modeling approaches, including a brief description of recent research that casts a wider net to incorporate Hg, Fe and other Critical Zone elements, and focuses on interdisciplinary approaches and concepts. The broader goal of this chapter is to provide an overview of the gaps in our current understanding of HSHMs, and the opportunities therein, while specifically focusing on the underlying parameters and processes leading to their prognostic and diagnostic representation in reactive transport models.