Race, Ethnicity, and Natural Resources in the United States: A Review
Race, Ethnicity, and Natural Resources in the United States: A Review
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美国的种族、民族和自然资源：回顾
DOI：
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发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Schelhas
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文献类型：
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作者：
J. Schelhas
美国是一个种族和民族多元化的国家，但直到最近，研究人员和学者才开始关注这种多样性对自然资源管理和政策的重要性。本文回顾了有关种族歧视和民族差异在自然资源的价值和使用的文献。审查表明，自然资源领域过去和现在的种族歧视和本族中心主义的影响，今天在个人行为和社会结构中仍然存在。审查还发现，文化和价值观、自然资源利用、社会组织和生态系统特征之间存在复杂的联系，突出表明需要在自然资源管理和政策中认真关注种族和族裔多样性。在自然资源领域，种族中心主义以多种方式发挥作用，但在科学不确定的情况下可能最为有害，因为管理人员和决策者往往依赖于可能带有偏见的文化和专业编码模型。在自然资源领域，所有人都必须更加重视种族和族裔问题，而且在这一领域本身的专业人员中也必须更加多样化。对自然资源价值、使用和管理的更广泛和更具包容性的观点将更好地为多样化的美国人口服务，并为自然资源行业吸引更多的多样性。
The United States is a racially and ethnically diverse country, but only recently have researchers and scholars paid much attention to the significance of this diversity for natural resource management and policy. This article reviews the literature on racial discrimination and ethnic differences in valuing and using natural resources. The review indicates that the effects of past and current racial discrimination and ethnocentrism in the natural resource field continue to befelt today, both in individual behavior and in social structures. The review also finds complex linkages between culture and values, natural resource uses, social organization, and ecosystem characteristics that highlight the need for serious attention to racial and ethnic diversity in natural resource management and policy. Ethnocentrism in the natural resourcefield comes into play in many ways but may be most pernicious in cases of scientific uncertainty when managers and policy makers tend to fall back on culturally and professionally coded models that may have biases built into them. There is a need for greater attention to race and ethnicity by all in the natural resource field, and also for greater diversity among professionals in the field itself. A broader and more inclusive view of natural resource values, use, and management will both better serve a diverse U.S. population and attract more diversity to the natural resource professions.