Butterfly Mimicry Polymorphisms Highlight Phylogenetic Limits of Gene Reuse in the Evolution of Diverse Adaptations
Butterfly Mimicry Polymorphisms Highlight Phylogenetic Limits of Gene Reuse in the Evolution of Diverse Adaptations
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DOI：
10.1093/molbev/msz194
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发表时间：
2019-12-01
影响因子：
10.7
通讯作者：
Kronforst, Marcus R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Vankuren, Nicholas W.;Massardo, Darli;Kronforst, Marcus R.
在各种各样的生物体中，一些基因被反复发现控制着各种各样的适应。这种基因重复使用不仅揭示了这些独特基因控制的表型的多样性，而且揭示了发育基因网络的组成以及生物体在适应过程中可用和采取的遗传路线。然而，基因重复使用的原因仍不清楚。少数的大效应孟德尔基因座控制了巨大的多样性的模仿蝴蝶翅膀的颜色图案，但其重用的原因是难以确定的，因为模仿的遗传基础主要是在两个系统中研究相关因素：女性有限的Baerian模仿凤蝶燕尾蝶（凤蝶科）和非性别有限的Mullerian模仿Heliconius longwings（蛱蝶科）。在这里，我们打破了系统发育关系和限性拟态之间的相关性，通过确定控制雌性限制拟态多态性Hypolimnas misippus（蛱蝶科）和非限性拟态多态性凤蝶（凤蝶科）的基因座。凤蝶的多态性是由基因组区域控制的基因皮质，经典的P超基因在Heliconius numata，和基因座控制整个鳞翅目的颜色模式的变化。相比之下，女性有限的模仿多态性Hypolimnas misippus与一个基因座以前没有牵连的颜色图案。因此，虽然许多物种反复聚集在皮质及其邻近基因超过120我的进化不同的颜色模式，女性有限的模仿多态性每个进化使用不同的基因。我们的研究结果支持的结论，基因重用主要发生在类似10我和突出的令人费解的多样性的基因控制看似复杂的女性有限的模仿多态性。
Some genes have repeatedly been found to control diverse adaptations in a wide variety of organisms. Such gene reuse reveals not only the diversity of phenotypes these unique genes control but also the composition of developmental gene networks and the genetic routes available to and taken by organisms during adaptation. However, the causes of gene reuse remain unclear. A small number of large-effect Mendelian loci control a huge diversity of mimetic butterfly wing color patterns, but reasons for their reuse are difficult to identify because the genetic basis of mimicry has primarily been studied in two systems with correlated factors: female-limited Batesian mimicry in Papilio swallowtails (Papilionidae) and non-sex-limited Mullerian mimicry in Heliconius longwings (Nymphalidae). Here, we break the correlation between phylogenetic relationship and sex-limited mimicry by identifying loci controlling female-limited mimicry polymorphism Hypolimnas misippus (Nymphalidae) and non-sex-limited mimicry polymorphism in Papilio clytia (Papilionidae). The Papilio clytia polymorphism is controlled by the genome region containing the gene cortex, the classic P supergene in Heliconius numata, and loci controlling color pattern variation across Lepidoptera. In contrast, female-limited mimicry polymorphism in Hypolimnas misippus is associated with a locus not previously implicated in color patterning. Thus, although many species repeatedly converged on cortex and its neighboring genes over 120 My of evolution of diverse color patterns, female-limited mimicry polymorphisms each evolved using a different gene. Our results support conclusions that gene reuse occurs mainly within similar to 10 My and highlight the puzzling diversity of genes controlling seemingly complex female-limited mimicry polymorphisms.