Effects of adult age and working memory on reasoning and spatial abilities.
Effects of adult age and working memory on reasoning and spatial abilities.
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成年年龄和工作记忆对推理和空间能力的影响。
DOI：
10.1037//0278-7393.15.3.507
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发表时间：
1989
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Babcock,RL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Salthouse,TA;Mitchell,DR;Skovronek,E;Babcock,RL
三个预测来自于这样一个假设，即成年人在某些认知功能测量中的年龄差异归因于与年龄相关的加工资源（如工作记忆能力）的减少。在一项涉及120名年龄在20岁至79岁之间的男性的研究中，每个预测都得到了一定程度的实证支持。首先，老年人表现出更大的损害的性能比年轻人时，任务的复杂性增加，更多的要求被放置在有限的处理资源;第二，这些复杂性的影响的程度是高度相关的口头（推理）和空间（折纸）任务。最后，统计控制的工作记忆处理资源的指数衰减的影响，年龄的认知性能的措施。得出的结论是，进一步了解年龄和认知功能之间的关系的机制的进展将需要改进的概念化的性质的工作记忆或其他假设的中介结构。
Three predictions were derived from the hypothesis that adult age differences in certain measures of cognitive functioning are attributable to age-related reductions in a processing resource such as working-memory capacity. Each prediction received at least some degree of empirical support in a study involving 120 males ranging between 20 and 79 years of age. First, older adults exhibited greater impairments of performance than did young adults when task complexity increased and more demands were placed on the limited processing resources; second, the magnitudes of these complexity effects were highly correlated across verbal (reasoning) and spatial (paper folding) tasks. Finally, statistical control of an index of a working-memory processing resource attenuated the effects of age on the measures of cognitive performance. It was concluded that further progress in understanding the mechanisms of the relation between age and cognitive functioning will require improved conceptualizations of the nature of working memory or other hypothesized mediating constructs.