Dialect Maintenance in East Anglia Singin' The Same Old Tune
Dialect Maintenance in East Anglia Singin' The Same Old Tune
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东安格利亚的方言维护唱着同样的老调
DOI：
10.1017/s0266078420000231
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
1
通讯作者：
Butcher K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Butcher K
在过去的几十年里，东安格利亚使用传统方言的地区明显缩小，传统方言的使用也明显减少。其中包括第三人称单数形式缺少-s标记（金斯顿，2000;波特，2018），以及源自中古英语的这些单词之间长期存在的区别：/和/u/，如“moon”与“mow”，作为长期中期合并的一部分，它们未能成为同音词（威尔斯，1982 a）。像其他遗迹一样，这种区别现在只存在于东安格利亚的北方地区（Trudgill & Foxcroft，1978; Trudgill，2004; Butcher，2019）。这种明显的“方言死亡”情况（Trudgill，1986：68）是持续超本地化的结果，在这种情况下，本地特定的语言形式输给了具有更大社会空间流行性的语言变体，通常是由于流动性和方言接触（英国，2010）。Trudgill（2001）认为，在东安格利亚的例子中，方言水平化在很大程度上是由伦敦和周边县英语变体的影响所驱动的。预计这一过程将继续下去（Trudgill，1986;金斯顿，2000），尽管不太可能是直截了当的。英国（2011年）报告说，在东安格利亚发现了与声音变化的路线和速度有关的区域内差异。这就需要对东盎格鲁英语进行更全面的分析，以更好地理解这种“异质同质化”的运作方式（Britain，2011：57），以及个别案例研究如何与传统东盎格鲁方言地区的整体萎缩有关。本文介绍的数据在这方面进行的两项研究，在萨福克，东英吉利南部。第一部分介绍了非重读元音的时态，指的是在非重读音节中[]和[]之间的交替，其中//出现在其他种类的英国南部英语（SBE）中，例如'carpet' [k：p t] / [ka：p t]。第二个报告了yod dropping的数据，即C+/ju/的序列中没有/j/，例如'huge' [hju：d] / [hu：d]。这两个变量在东盎格鲁方言的描述中是众所周知的，但是，正如我们后面将要看到的，它们在当代东盎格鲁英语的研究中表现得不同。
The area of East Anglia in which its traditional dialects are spoken has shrunk significantly over the past few decades and seen a marked decline in the use of traditional features. These include lack of -s marking on third-person singular forms (Kingston, 2000; Potter, 2018), as well as the long-standing distinction between those words descended from Middle English /ɔ:/ and /ɔu/, as in ‘moan’ vs ‘mown’, which failed to become homophonous as part of the Long Mid Mergers (Wells, 1982a). Like other relics, this distinction now only remains in East Anglia's more northern locales (Trudgill & Foxcroft, 1978; Trudgill, 2004; Butcher, 2019). This apparent ‘dialect death’ situation (Trudgill, 1986: 68) is the outcome of continued supralocalisation, a situation in which locally specific linguistic forms lose out to linguistic variants with greater socio-spatial currency, usually as a result of mobility and dialect contact (Britain, 2010). In East Anglia's case, Trudgill (2001) argues that dialect levelling has largely been driven by the impact of London and Home Counties varieties of English. This process is predicted to continue (Trudgill, 1986; Kingston, 2000), though is unlikely to be straightforward. Britain (2011) reports that substantial intra-regional differences are found in relation to route and rate of sound change in East Anglia. This calls for more comprehensive analyses of East Anglian English to better understand the workings of this ‘heterogenous homogenisation’ (Britain, 2011: 57), and how individual case studies relate to the overall shrinkage of the area in which traditional East Anglian dialects are spoken. This paper presents data in this vein from two studies undertaken in Suffolk, southern East Anglia. The first presents data on unstressed vowel tensing, which refers to the alternation between [ə] and [ɪ] in those unstressed syllables where /ɪ/ occurs in other varieties of Southern British English (SBE) e.g. ‘carpet’ [kɑ:pɪt] / [ka:pəʔ]. The second reports data on yod dropping, i.e. the absence of /j/ from sequences of C+/ju/ e.g. ‘huge’ [hju:dʒ] / [hu:dʒ]. Both variables are well known from descriptions of East Anglian dialects but, as we will see later, they appear to behave differently in this study of contemporary East Anglian English.