Induction of disease resistance in tissue-cultured seedlings of mountain laurel after treatment with Streptomyces padanus AOK-30
Induction of disease resistance in tissue-cultured seedlings of mountain laurel after treatment with Streptomyces padanus AOK-30
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帕达链霉菌AOK-30处理山月桂组培苗抗病性的诱导
DOI：
10.3209/saj.18_48
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
H. Kunoh
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Meguro;Sachiko Hasegawa;M. Shimizu;T. Nishimura;H. Kunoh
农用化学品对于增加粮食产量、消除世界各地的饥饿具有无价且有效的作用，尽管它们因相关的环境污染和对各种非目标生物体的有害影响而不再受欢迎1)。由于这种不受欢迎，基于微生物的生物防治剂作为农用化学品的替代品或补充品的使用在农业上的重要性已经增加。 1978年，长谷川等人2)从草叶中分离出一种新的放线菌属，Actinosynnema。据我们所知，这份报告是第一份描述从植物材料中分离放线菌的报告。 20世纪90年代，一些研究小组从多种植物表面灭菌的叶子和根中分离出几种放线菌，从而表明内生放线菌的存在3-6)。从那时起，更多的报告描述了放线菌在生物控制中的应用7-10)。基于这些报告，Kunoh1）假设能够在植物中产生抗生素而不会对植物生长产生任何不利影响的共生放线菌可以用作生物防治剂，并且当将这种内生放线菌应用于无菌瓶中的组织培养幼苗时，这种内生放线菌可以有效地在植物中定殖，其中所应用的放线菌不必与其他微生物竞争。因此，我们开始从多种田间种植的植物中分离内生放线菌，并成功地从杜鹃花中分离出许多菌株。白色链霉菌 R-5 的分离株对杜鹃花的主要病原菌肉桂疫霉 (Phytophthora cinnamomi) 和多盘拟盘菌 (Pestalotiopsis sydowiana) 等多种微生物具有最强的拮抗活性，被选为潜在的生物防治剂 11)。 Shimizu等人12）将R-5悬浮液撒在杜鹃幼苗生长的玻璃烧瓶中的增殖培养基表面，并成功诱导幼苗对多盘菌病的抗性。他们的成功提出了一种在不使用农用化学品的情况下生产抗病组织培养苗的新方法。 Nishimura等人13)采用Shimizu等人的方法从盆栽山月桂树中分离出一株Streptomyces padanus AOK-30(以下简称AOK-30)，并发现该菌株也具有与之前报道的R-5分离物相似的广泛抗菌活性11)。在本文中，我们描述了用 AOK-30 孢子悬浮液处理培养基表面后，在玻璃烧瓶中组织培养的山月桂幼苗中对由 P. sydowiana 引起的盘盘菌病的控制。还描述了用 AOK-30 以不同方式处理的移植山月桂苗的细胞托盘中对丝核菌根腐病扩张的抑制。放线菌 (2004) 18:48–53 VOL。 18、没有。 2
Agrochemicals are invaluable and effective for increasing food production to stave off hunger throughout the world, although they have fallen into disfavor because of associated environmental pollution and detrimental effects in a variety of nontarget organisms1). Because of such disfavor, the use of microbe-based biological control agents has increased in agricultural importance as a replacement or supplement for agrochemicals. In 1978 Hasegawa et al.2) isolated a new genus of actinomycete, Actinosynnema, from a grass blade. As far as we know, this report is the first to describe the isolation of an actinomycete from plant materials. In the 1990s, a number of research groups isolated several actinomycetes from surface-sterilized leaves and roots of a variety of plants, thereby showing the presence of endophytic actinomycetes3–6). Since then, more reports have described the use of actinomycetes in biological control7–10). Based on these reports, Kunoh1) assumed that a symbiotic actinomycete that is able to produce antibiotics in plants without any adverse effects on plant growth could be used as a biological control agent and that such an endophytic actinomycete could efficiently colonize in a plant when applied to tissue-cultured seedlings in axenic flasks, in which the applied actinomycete does not have to compete with other microbes. We therefore started to isolate endophytic actinomycetes from a variety of field-grown plants and successfully isolated a number of strains from rhododendron. An isolate of Streptomyces galbus R-5, which had the most intense antagonistic activity against a variety of microbes including Phytophthora cinnamomi and Pestalotiopsis sydowiana, major pathogens of rhododendron was selected as a potential biocontrol agent11). Shimizu et al.12) spread a suspension of R-5 on the surface of the multiplication medium in glass flasks in which rhododendron seedlings were growing, and successfully induced seedling resistance against Pestalotia disease. Their success suggested a novel way for producing disease-resistant tissue-cultured seedlings without using agrochemicals. Nishimura et al.13) isolated a strain of Streptomyces padanus AOK-30 (hereafter AOK-30) from potted mountain laurel by the method of Shimizu et al.11) and found that this strain also had broad antimicrobial activities similar to those of the R-5 isolate reported previously11). In this paper, we describe the control of Pestalotia disease caused by P. sydowiana in seedlings of mountain laurel tissue-cultured in glass flasks after treatment of the medium surface with a spore suspension of AOK-30. The suppression of expansion of Rhizoctonia root rot in a cell-tray with transplanted mountain laurel seedlings treated with AOK-30 in different ways is also described. Actinomycetologica (2004) 18:48–53 VOL. 18, NO. 2