New structure in cell puncture activities by aphid stylets: a dual-mode EPG study
New structure in cell puncture activities by aphid stylets: a dual-mode EPG study
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1570-7458.2010.00983.x
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发表时间：
2010-05-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Fereres, Alberto
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tjallingii, W. Fred;Garzo, Elisa;Fereres, Alberto
在直流电穿透图(EPG)记录中，蚜虫刺孔在细胞内表现为潜在的下降(PD)波形。我们使用了双EPG设备，该设备在一个通道中记录具有R+EMF分量(即，通常的DC EPG)的‘完整EPG’，并且同时在第二个通道中记录仅具有R分量的‘R-EPG’。后一通道的电路是源自早期(1990年之前)交流系统的优化幅度调制(AM)版本。我们还用一个单独的高输入电阻“电动势放大器”录制了一些“电动势-EPG”，只对电动势组件敏感。细胞内的PD波形以前被分为三个亚相，我们的目标是通过双EPG记录比仅使用正常的全EPG记录更准确地区分和分离这些亚相。在这项研究中，我们暂时区分了五个亚相(α-epsilon)，但尽管这两个信号提供了信息，但似乎只可能明确区分其中的几个亚相。由于R-EPG信号中缺乏清晰可分离的特征，在没有同步的完整EPG的情况下，常常给PD识别带来严重困难，但一旦定位，只有亚相II-2特征是清晰的，并支持来自完整EPG的II-2数据。因此，在棉蚜(半翅目：蜂科)细胞穿孔过程中，我们不能用额外的R-EPG信息更好地区分完整的PD波形的亚相。在油菜Brevicoryne brassicae(L.)然而，在完整的EPG中区分II-2亚相有时是一个问题。我们详细的双EPG观察显示，从II-1亚相(新识别的亚相Beta的开始)到PD结束，波形有一定的连续性，具有强烈但可变的电动势来源。这种波形往往比棉铃虫和桃蚜(半翅目：姬蜂科)更倾向于压制油菜夜蛾的其他亚相波形。在病毒接种实验中，当PD周期被中断时，完整EPG中的亚相波形尤其难以识别，因此额外的R-EPG信息可能是有用的。这一接种实验再次表明，只有第一个亚相(II-1)有助于棉曲霉对黄瓜花叶病毒的接种。在B.brassicae中，在这种病毒实验中同时使用R-EPG信息的益处目前正在进一步研究中。除了病毒实验的这种特殊应用外，我们不建议常规使用双EPG设备。此外，我们不主张在未来的研究中将细胞内PD的三个亚相区分为一个可行的选择。对具有并发R-EPG的EPG进行分析需要更多的分析工作，而不会产生一致有用的额外见解。这证实了来自蓟马的早期双EPG结果。
Intracellular punctures by aphid stylets appear as potential drop (pd) waveforms in DC electrical penetration graph (EPG) recordings. We used a dual-EPG device that recorded in one channel the 'full EPG' with R-plus emf-components (i.e., the usual DC EPG) and concurrently in a second channel the 'R-EPG' with R-components only. The circuit of the latter channel was an optimised amplitude modulation (AM) version derived from early (before 1990) AC systems. We also made some 'emf-EPG' recordings using a separate high input resistance 'emf-amplifier' sensitive to emf-components only. The intracellular pd waveforms have previously been divided into three subphases, and we aimed to distinguish and separate these subphases more accurately by the dual-EPG recordings than with the normal full EPG only. In this study, we temporarily distinguished five subphases (alpha-epsilon), but unequivocal distinction of only a few of these appeared possible, in spite of the information coming from the two signals. The lack of clearly separable features in R-EPG signals often provided serious difficulties in pd recognition without the concurrent full EPG, but once located, only subphase II-2 features were clear and supported the II-2 data from the full EPG. Consequently, we could not distinguish subphases of complete pd waveforms better with additional R-EPG information during cell punctures by Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae). In Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), however, distinguishing II-2 subphases in the full EPG was sometimes a problem. Our detailed dual-EPG observations showed some waveform continuity from halfway into the II-1 subphase (start of the newly recognised subphase beta) until the end of the pd, with a strong but variable emf origin. This waveform tended to overrule other subphase waveforms in B. brassicae more than in A. gossypii and Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Subphase waveforms in full EPGs were especially difficult to recognise when pd periods had been interrupted in a virus inoculation experiment and additional R-EPG information could then be useful. This inoculation experiment showed again that only the first subphase (II-1) contributes to virus (Cucumber mosaic virus) inoculation by A. gossypii. In B. brassicae, the benefit of concurrent R-EPG information in such virus experiments is presently under further investigation. Apart from this special application to virus experiments, we do not recommend the routine use of the dual-EPG device. Furthermore, we do not advocate the distinction of more than the previously recognised three intracellular pd subphases as a feasible option in future studies. Analysis of EPGs with concurrent R-EPGs requires substantially more analysis work without yielding consistently useful additional insights. This confirms earlier dual-EPG results from thrips.