Improving prefrontal cortex function in schizophrenia through focused training of cognitive control
Improving prefrontal cortex function in schizophrenia through focused training of cognitive control
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DOI：
10.3389/fnhum.2010.00032
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发表时间：
2010-04-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Braver, Todd S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Edwards, Bethany G.;Barch, Deanna M.;Braver, Todd S.
先前的研究表明，精神分裂症患者的认知控制功能存在缺陷，这些功能被认为取决于外侧前额叶皮层（PFC）及其与相关区域的相互作用。本研究探讨指导性策略训练对精神分裂症患者认知控制功能的改善作用。事件相关的功能磁共振成像被用来测试这种训练的效果是否与任务执行过程中大脑活动动力学的变化有关。精神分裂症患者（N = 22）进行了AX-CPT认知控制任务，在两个会议上，第一次发生的训练前，第二次以下的策略培训。训练方案强调直接编码的上下文线索和更新响应选择目标，根据线索信息。一组匹配的健康对照组（N = 14）接受相同的方案，但只在训练前进行扫描。在训练前阶段，患者表现出的行为证据的背景线索信息的利用受损，沿着减少线索相关的活动-但增加激活在探测和响应期间-在网络的区域与认知控制，集中在横向PFC。训练后，这种模式的激活动力学显着转变，正常化的控制中观察到的模式。这些激活效应与临床症状和行为表现改善相关。结果表明，集中的策略训练可能会促进认知任务的表现，精神分裂症患者通过改变关键控制相关的脑区内的活动的动态。
Previous research has shown that individuals with schizophrenia show deficits in cognitive control functions thought to depend on the lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC), and its interactions with related regions. The current study explored the effects of instructed strategy training on improving cognitive control functioning in patients with schizophrenia. Event-related fMRI was used to test whether effects of such training were associated with changes in brain activity dynamics during task performance. Patients with schizophrenia (N = 22) performed the AX-CPT cognitive control task in two-sessions, with the first occurring pre-training and second following strategy training. The training protocol emphasized direct encoding of contextual cues and updating response selection goals in accordance with cue information. A matched group of healthy controls (N = 14) underwent the same protocol but were only scanned in the pre-training session. In the pre-training session, patients exhibited behavioral evidence of impaired utilization of contextual cue information, along with reduced cue-related activity - but increased activation during probe and response periods - in a network of regions associated with cognitive control, centered on the lateral PFC. Following training, this pattern of activation dynamics significantly shifted, normalizing towards the pattern observed in controls. These activation effects were associated with both clinical symptoms and behavioral performance improvements. The results suggest that focused strategy training may facilitate cognitive task performance in patients with schizophrenia by changing the dynamics of activity within critical control-related brain regions.