The International Cometary Explorer Mission to comet Giacobini‐Zinner
The International Cometary Explorer Mission to comet Giacobini‐Zinner
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国际彗星探索任务前往贾科比尼-辛纳彗星
DOI：
10.1029/eo066i036p00625
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发表时间：
1985
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Brandt
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. T. Rosenvinge;J. Brandt
1985年9月11日，国际彗星探测器（ICE）将穿过贾科比尼-津纳彗星的尾部，从而成为有史以来第一艘拦截彗星的航天器。 ICE 航天器以前称为国际日地探索三号（ISEE 3）。当 ISEE 3 于 1978 年 8 月发射时，几乎没有考虑过让这艘航天器遇到彗星。事实上，ISEE 3 在其生命周期中将经历三个不同的任务阶段，在发射时只计划了第一个阶段。 ISEE 计划起源于欧洲航天局 (ESA) 和美国国家航空航天局 (NASA) 的联合计划，旨在研究地球磁层。 ISEE 3 的作用是观测地球上游的太阳风。 ISEE 1 和 2 随后观察了磁层对太阳风变化的响应。这一阶段持续了近 4 年，引发了对地球弓激波前震区域的探索（参见《地球物理研究杂志》的上游波与粒子特刊，第 86 卷，第 4319-4536 页，1981 年）。第二阶段开始于1982年底，当时ISEE 3从地球前面的位置移至地球后面的位置，以便研究距月球60 RE至240 RE的地球尾部未探索的区域。这次勘探的结果可以在《地球物理研究快报》的 ISEE 3 Distant Geotail Results 特刊中找到（第 11 卷，第 1027-1105 页，1984 年）。第三个也是最后一个阶段，即彗星研究，于 1983 年 12 月 22 日开始，当时 ISEE 3 经过月球 120 公里范围内，将其送出地月系统。此时飞船被更名为ICE。
On September 11, 1985, the International Cometary Explorer (ICE) will pass through the tail of Comet Giacobini-Zinner and thus become the first spacecraft ever to intercept a comet. The ICE spacecraft was formerly known as the International Sun-Earth Explorer Three (ISEE 3). When ISEE 3 was launched in August 1978, little thought had been given to having this spacecraft encounter a comet. In fact, ISEE 3 will have had three different mission phases during its lifetime, only the first of which was planned at the time of launch. The ISEE program originated as a joint program of the European Space Agency (ESA) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to study the earth's magnetosphere. The role of ISEE 3 was to observe the solar wind upstream of the earth. ISEE 1 and 2 then observed the response of the magnetosphere to changes in the solar wind. This phase lasted almost 4 years and led to the exploration of the foreshock region of the earth's bow shock (see the Upstream Waves and Particles special issue of the Journal of Geophysical Research, vol. 86, pp. 4319–4536, 1981). The second phase began in late 1982, when ISEE 3 was moved from a position in front of the earth to one behind it in order to study the unexplored region of the earth's tail from the lunar distance of 60 RE to 240 RE. Results from this exploration may be found in the ISEE 3 Distant Geotail Results special issue of Geophysical Research Letters (vol. 11, pp. 1027–1105, 1984). The third and final phase, that of comet studies, began on December 22, 1983, when ISEE 3 passed within 120 km of the moon, sending it on its way out of the earthmoon system. At this time the spacecraft was renamed ICE.