The Placental Mammal Ancestor and the Post-K-Pg Radiation of Placentals
The Placental Mammal Ancestor and the Post-K-Pg Radiation of Placentals
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DOI：
10.1126/science.1229237
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发表时间：
2013-02-08
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
Cirranello, Andrea L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
O'Leary, Maureen A.;Bloch, Jonathan I.;Cirranello, Andrea L.
为了发现现存胎盘哺乳动物和化石胎盘哺乳动物之间的相互关系，以及胎盘相对于白垩纪-古近纪(K-PG)界线的起源时间，我们对86个化石和现存物种的4541个表观性状进行了重新评分。结合这些数据和分子序列，我们得到了一个系统发育树，当与化石校准时，表明冠枝胎盘和胎盘目起源于K-PG边界之后。利用分子数据发现的许多节点得到了支持，但现象信号推翻了分子信号，显示Sundatheria(皮翅目+Sandens)是灵长类的姊妹分类单元，是长吻目(大象)和Sirenia(海牛)之间的密切联系，以及回声定位翼手目(蝙蝠)的单系。我们的树表明，Placentalia最先分裂为Xenarthra和Epitheria；灭绝的新大陆物种是Afotheria最古老的成员。
To discover interordinal relationships of living and fossil placental mammals and the time of origin of placentals relative to the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary, we scored 4541 phenomic characters de novo for 86 fossil and living species. Combining these data with molecular sequences, we obtained a phylogenetic tree that, when calibrated with fossils, shows that crown clade Placentalia and placental orders originated after the K-Pg boundary. Many nodes discovered using molecular data are upheld, but phenomic signals overturn molecular signals to show Sundatheria (Dermoptera + Scandentia) as the sister taxon of Primates, a close link between Proboscidea (elephants) and Sirenia (sea cows), and the monophyly of echolocating Chiroptera (bats). Our tree suggests that Placentalia first split into Xenarthra and Epitheria; extinct New World species are the oldest members of Afrotheria.