Extraversion and electrodermal activity: arousability and the inverted-U
Extraversion and electrodermal activity: arousability and the inverted-U
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外向性和皮肤电活动：唤醒性和倒U型
DOI：
10.1016/0191-8869(83)90007-7
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发表时间：
1983
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Barry D. Smith
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barry D. Smith
艾森克假说认为外向者比内向者更少被唤醒或更多被抑制，这一假说已经在心理生理学文献中得到了大量的检验。迄今为止的研究表明，需要明确区分测试的整体组差异的唤醒或抑制和研究的差异反应的两组唤醒操作。在我们的实验室和其他地方，对整体唤醒差异的心理生理学研究在SCL、非特异性反应频率、标准习惯化试验和初始反应幅度方面产生了一些不一致的结果，尽管在内向者中，disabituation结果与预期的更高幅度一致。检验倒U型假设的结果更加一致，这表明内向者在较低的刺激输入水平下达到最佳唤醒点，因此应该在唤醒测量中显示更早的渐近线和递减。使用刺激强度和咖啡因来操纵唤醒，我们发现了支持SCL和几个阶段性措施，包括初始，测试和disabituation反应的结果。总的来说，研究结果表明，这两个人格群体的差异更明显的唤醒比整体唤醒水平，这种差异是最一致的条件时，诱导抑制的快速崩溃和唤醒的增加。需要进一步的研究来更好地理解外倾性与唤醒性的条件关系，唤醒操纵范式似乎是进行所需研究的富有成效的初步方法。
The Eysenck hypothesis that extraverts are less aroused or more inhibited than introverts has been subjected to a number of tests in the psychophysiological literature. Research to date suggests the need to clearly differentiate between tests of overall group differences in arousal or inhibition and studies of the differential reactions of the two groups to arousal manipulations. Psychophysiological studies of overall arousal differences in our laboratories and elsewhere have yielded somewhat inconsistent results for SCL, nonspecific response frequency, trials-to-criterion habituation and initial response amplitude, though dishabituation results are consistent with the expectation of higher amplitudes in introverts. Far more consistent are findings testing the inverted-U hypothesis, which suggests that introverts reach a point of optimal arousal at lower levels of stimulus input than do extraverts and hence should show earlier asymptotes and decrements in arousal measures. Using stimulus intensity and caffeine to manipulate arousal, we have found supportive results for SCL and several phasic measures, including the initial, test, and dishabituation responses. Overall, findings suggest that the two personality groups differ more clearly in arousability than in overall arousal level and that this difference is most consistent when conditions induce a rapid breakdown of inhibition and increase in arousal. Further research is needed to better understand the conditional relationship of extraversion to arousability, and arousal-manipulation paradigms would appear to be a fruitful initial approach to carrying out the needed research.