Local Heat Treatment of Goat Udders Influences Innate Immune Functions in Mammary Glands
Local Heat Treatment of Goat Udders Influences Innate Immune Functions in Mammary Glands
复制标题
山羊乳房的局部热处理影响乳腺的先天免疫功能
DOI：
10.1007/s10911-022-09509-7
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Isobe N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Tsugami Y;Ishiba Y;Suzuki N;Nii T;Kobayashi K;Isobe N.
热应激和乳腺炎对乳反刍动物产奶量有不利影响。虽然在两种条件下乳房温度升高，但这种局部温度升高对反刍动物乳腺产奶量和免疫功能的影响尚不清楚。为了解决这个问题，我们用一次性加热垫覆盖山羊的一半乳房加热24 h，另一半作为对照。将16只哺乳中期的Tokara山羊（1-5胎次）和3只Shiba山羊（1-2胎次）单独圈养，每天饲喂0.6 kg干草块和0.2 kg大麦，并自由饮水和微量矿化盐块。覆盖后24 h内每6 h采集一次乳汁样品（n = 16），24 h后采集深层乳腺组织区域（n = 5）。通过酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）测定牛奶中抗菌成分[乳铁蛋白、β-防御素-1、cathelicidin-2、cathelicidin-7和免疫球蛋白A（伊加）]的浓度。免疫组化法检测伊加的定位。采用定量聚合酶链反应（PCR）和酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）分别检测乳腺组织中C-C基序趋化因子配体28（CCL-28）和白细胞介素（IL）-8的mRNA表达和蛋白浓度。处理12 h后，局部热处理组牛奶中体细胞数显著高于对照组。治疗24 h后，治疗组的cathelicidin-2和伊加浓度显著高于对照组。此外，局部热处理增加了乳腺间质区IgA阳性细胞的数量和乳腺中CCL-28的浓度。总之，局部乳房温度升高通过增加抗菌成分增强了乳腺的先天免疫功能。
Heat stress and mastitis adversely affect milk production in dairy ruminants. Although the udder temperature is elevated in both conditions, the influence of this local temperature rise on milk production and immune function of ruminant mammary glands remains unclear. To address this question, we heated the mammary glands of goats by covering one half of the udder with a disposable heating pad for 24 h, the other uncovered half served as a control. Sixteen Tokara goats (1–5 parity) and three Shiba goats (1–2 parity) at the mid-lactation stage were individually housed, fed 0.6 kg of hay cubes and 0.2 kg of barley per day, and had free access to water and trace-mineralized salt blocks. Milk samples were collected every 6 h for 24 h after covering (n = 16), and deep mammary gland tissue areas were collected after 24 h (n = 5). The concentrations of antimicrobial components [lactoferrin, β-defensin-1, cathelicidin-2, cathelicidin-7, and immunoglobulin A (IgA)] in milk were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The localization of IgA was examined by immunohistochemistry. The mRNA expression and protein concentrations of C–C motif chemokine ligand-28 (CCL-28) and interleukin (IL)-8 in the mammary gland tissue were measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and ELISA, respectively. The somatic cell count in milk was significantly higher in the local heat-treatment group than in the control group after 12 h of treatment. The treatment group had significantly higher concentrations of cathelicidin-2 and IgA than the control group after 24 h of treatment. In addition, the number of IgA-positive cells in the mammary stromal region and the concentration of CCL-28 in the mammary glands were increased by local heat treatment. In conclusion, a local rise in udder temperature enhanced the innate immune function in mammary glands by increasing antimicrobial components.