ACQUIRED EQUIVALENCE AND DISTINCTIVENESS IN MATCHING TO SAMPLE BY PIGEONS - MEDIATION BY REINFORCER-SPECIFIC EXPECTANCIES
ACQUIRED EQUIVALENCE AND DISTINCTIVENESS IN MATCHING TO SAMPLE BY PIGEONS - MEDIATION BY REINFORCER-SPECIFIC EXPECTANCIES
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DOI：
10.1037/0097-7403.8.3.244
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发表时间：
1982-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
HOGAN, DE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
EDWARDS, CA;JAGIELO, JA;HOGAN, DE
评估强化物介导独立预测该强化物发生的 2 个刺激之间关联的能力（获得的线索等效性）。在实验一中，12 只雄性白卡诺鸽接受了形状（加号和圆形）和颜色（红色和绿色）与样本匹配任务的训练。在一些试验中用玉米系统地强化了正确的反应，在另一些试验中用小麦强化了正确的反应，以在每项任务的 1 个刺激与“共同”结果之间建立关联。训练后，Ss 被转移到符号匹配样本任务，其中来自一个训练任务的刺激被呈现为样本，而来自另一训练任务的刺激被呈现为比较。在第一个会话中，实验 Ss 做出的反应明显比对照组更正确（即，Ss“匹配”先前与共同结果相关的刺激）。具有 18 Ss 的实验 II 复制了这种获得的等效效应并控制了食物偏好。延迟的样本匹配训练表明，暴露于不同强化意外事件的 Ss 的记忆性能得到了增强，但这种效果仅限于形状任务。结果表明，强化物可以作为组织记忆中不成对的预测线索的基础，并且动物将根据辨别的难度选择性地使用不同的期望作为解决复杂辨别任务的线索。（29 参考）（PsycINFO 数据库记录 (c) 2016 APA，保留所有权利）
Assessed the ability of a reinforcer to mediate an association between 2 stimuli that independently predict the occurrence of that reinforcer (acquired equivalence of cues). In Exp I, 12 male White Carneaux pigeons were trained on shape (plus and circle) and color (red and green) matching-to-sample tasks. Correct responses were systematically reinforced with corn on some trials and wheat on others to establish associations between 1 stimulus from each task and a" common" outcome. Following training, Ss were transferred to a symbolic matching-to-sample task wherein a stimulus from one training task was presented as the sample, and the stimuli from the other training task were presented as comparisons. In the 1st session, experimental Ss made significantly more correct responses than controls (ie, Ss" matched" stimuli previously associated with a common outcome). Exp II with 18 Ss replicated this acquired equivalence effect and controlled for food preference. Delayed matching-to-sample training demonstrated enhanced memory performance for Ss exposed to different reinforcement contingencies, but this effect was confined to the shape task. Results indicate that a reinforcer can serve as the basis for organizing otherwise unpaired predictive cues in memory and that animals will selectively use differential expectancies as cues for solving complex discrimination tasks, depending on the difficulty of the discrimination.(29 ref)(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)