Identification of Virulence-Associated Properties by Comparative Genome Analysis of Streptococcus pneumoniae, S. pseudopneumoniae, S. mitis, Three S. oralis Subspecies, and S. infantis
Identification of Virulence-Associated Properties by Comparative Genome Analysis of Streptococcus pneumoniae, S. pseudopneumoniae, S. mitis, Three S. oralis Subspecies, and S. infantis
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DOI：
10.1128/mbio.01985-19
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发表时间：
2019-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Tettelin, Herve
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kilian, Mogens;Tettelin, Herve
从共同的祖先，肺炎链球菌和缓症链球菌平行进化成一个最重要的病原体和人类的互惠殖民者，分别。这种进化的情况下提供了一个独特的基础，研究感染相关的属性和属性的重要性，和谐共处与主机。我们对60个S.肺炎链球菌（S.缓症链球菌，假乳链球菌，三种口腔链球菌口腔亚种、tigurinus亚种和dentisani亚种，以及链球菌。两种S. pneumoniae和S.螨支持进化模型和这样的概念，即双方都需要进化变化才能达到它们与宿主的现有关系。通过对7,500个基因组的筛选，我们确定了224个与毒力相关的基因。与链球菌的显著区别在于调节机制的多样性，包括对荚膜产生的调节，参与碳水化合物水解的酶的显著更大的军火库，以及已知干扰先天免疫因子的蛋白质。S.肺炎杆菌增强了它们作为疫苗组分的潜力，因为可以排除对肠道微生物群的有益成员的直接影响。除了这些毒力相关基因的丢失外，S.缓和与宿主的互利关系显然需要保存或获得S.肺炎。成功改编S.重要性肺炎链球菌是人类最重要的病原体之一，但与人类和谐相处的缓症链球菌密切相关。这两个物种从一个共同的祖先进化而来的事实为研究感染相关的特性和与宿主和谐共存的重要特性提供了独特的基础。通过对这两个物种和其他相关链球菌基因组的详细比较，我们确定了224个与毒力相关的基因和25个互利物种特有的基因。S.肺炎杆菌增强了它们作为疫苗组分的潜力，因为可以排除对肠道微生物群的有益成员的直接影响。成功改编S.螨和其他共生链球菌与宿主的和谐关系依赖于遗传稳定性和促进生物膜中生命的特性。
From a common ancestor, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus mitis evolved in parallel into one of the most important pathogens and a mutualistic colonizer of humans, respectively. This evolutionary scenario provides a unique basis for studies of both infection-associated properties and properties important for harmonious coexistence with the host. We performed detailed comparisons of 60 genomes of S. pneumoniae, S. mitis, Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae, the three Streptococcus oralis subspecies oralis, tigurinus, and dentisani, and Streptococcus infantis. Nonfunctional remnants of ancestral genes in both S. pneumoniae and in S. mitis support the evolutionary model and the concept that evolutionary changes on both sides were required to reach their present relationship to the host. Confirmed by screening of .7,500 genomes, we identified 224 genes associated with virulence. The striking difference to commensal streptococci was the diversity of regulatory mechanisms, including regulation of capsule production, a significantly larger arsenal of enzymes involved in carbohydrate hydrolysis, and proteins known to interfere with innate immune factors. The exclusive presence of the virulence factors in S. pneumoniae enhances their potential as vaccine components, as a direct impact on beneficial members of the commensal microbiota can be excluded. In addition to loss of these virulence-associated genes, adaptation of S. mitis to a mutualistic relationship with the host apparently required preservation or acquisition of 25 genes lost or absent from S. pneumoniae. Successful adaptation of S. mitis and other commensal streptococci to a harmonious relationship with the host relied on genetic stability and properties facilitating life in biofilms.IMPORTANCE Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the most important human pathogens but is closely related to Streptococcus mitis, with which humans live in harmony. The fact that the two species evolved from a common ancestor provides a unique basis for studies of both infection-associated properties and properties important for harmonious coexistence with the host. By detailed comparisons of genomes of the two species and other related streptococci, we identified 224 genes associated with virulence and 25 genes unique to the mutualistic species. The exclusive presence of the virulence factors in S. pneumoniae enhances their potential as vaccine components, as a direct impact on beneficial members of the commensal microbiota can be excluded. Successful adaptation of S. mitis and other commensal streptococci to a harmonious relationship with the host relied on genetic stability and properties facilitating life in biofilms.