The effect of warming on seagrass wasting disease depends on host genotypic identity and diversity
The effect of warming on seagrass wasting disease depends on host genotypic identity and diversity
复制标题
变暖对海草消耗性疾病的影响取决于宿主基因型的同一性和多样性
DOI：
10.1002/ecy.3959
复制
发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Hughes, A. Randall
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schenck, Forest R.;DuBois, Katherine;Kardish, Melissa R.;Stachowicz, John J.;Hughes, A. Randall
气候变化导致的温度升高影响了自然系统中疾病的分布和严重程度，造成了可能摧毁宿主种群的疫情。宿主的身份、多样性和相关的微生物组可以影响宿主对感染和温度的反应，但对于它们如何在改变的热环境中作为重要的疾病介质发挥作用知之甚少。我们进行了一项为期8周的升温实验，以测试升温、宿主基因型身份和宿主基因型多样性对海草（Zostera marina）被消耗病寄生虫（zosterae迷路）感染的流行程度和强度的独立和交互影响。在较高的温度下，我们发现，相对于较少多样性的组合，基因典型多样化的宿主组合降低了感染强度，但没有降低患病率。这种对寄生虫强度的稀释效应是寄主组成效应和生物多样性涌现特性共同作用的结果。与变暖条件下基因型多样性带来的好处相反，环境温度下多样性实际上略微增加了寄生虫的强度。我们发现，在气候变暖的情况下，生长与防御之间的权衡导致了疾病强度的升高，这一假设得到了不同程度的支持。宿主微生物组中一些分类群的丰度变化（但不是组成）与变暖条件下对消耗性疾病感染的基因型特异性反应相关，这与将宿主微生物组变化与宿主-寄生虫相互作用的结果联系起来的新证据一致。这项工作强调了生物多样性-疾病关系的环境依赖性，并强调了生物多样性丧失、气候变化和关键基础物种疾病暴发之间相互作用的潜在重要性。
Temperature increases due to climate change have affected the distribution and severity of diseases in natural systems, causing outbreaks that can destroy host populations. Host identity, diversity, and the associated microbiome can affect host responses to both infection and temperature, but little is known about how they could function as important mediators of disease in altered thermal environments. We conducted an 8‐week warming experiment to test the independent and interactive effects of warming, host genotypic identity, and host genotypic diversity on the prevalence and intensity of infections of seagrass (Zostera marina) by the wasting disease parasite (Labyrinthula zosterae). At elevated temperatures, we found that genotypically diverse host assemblages had reduced infection intensity, but not reduced prevalence, relative to less diverse assemblages. This dilution effect on parasite intensity was the result of both host composition effects as well as emergent properties of biodiversity. In contrast with the benefits of genotypic diversity under warming, diversity actually increased parasite intensity slightly in ambient temperatures. We found mixed support for the hypothesis that a growth–defense trade‐off contributed to elevated disease intensity under warming. Changes in the abundance (but not composition) of a few taxa in the host microbiome were correlated with genotype‐specific responses to wasting disease infections under warming, consistent with the emerging evidence linking changes in the host microbiome to the outcome of host–parasite interactions. This work emphasizes the context dependence of biodiversity–disease relationships and highlights the potential importance of interactions among biodiversity loss, climate change, and disease outbreaks in a key foundation species.