An algebraic study of Volterra integral equations and their operator linearity

An algebraic study of Volterra integral equations and their operator linearity
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Volterra 积分方程及其算子线性的代数研究

DOI:
10.1016/j.jalgebra.2021.12.025
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发表时间:
2020-08
期刊:
J. Algebra
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
黎允楠
黎允楠
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Guo Li;Richard Gustavson;黎允楠

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特殊积分算子的代数研究引出了 Rota-Baxter 算子和洗牌乘积的概念,这些概念已得到广泛应用,例如迭代积分。本文对一般积分算子和方程进行了代数研究,表明Volterra积分算子和相应方程蕴藏着丰富的代数结构。第一个 Volterra 积分算子被证明可以产生匹配的扭曲 Rota-Baxter 代数,满足扭曲分部积分算子恒等式。为了提供通用空间来表达一般积分方程,然后根据括号内的词和在顶点和边上带有装饰的有根树来构造自由运算代数。匹配扭曲 Rota-Baxter 代数范畴中自由对象的进一步显式构造是通过洗牌积的扭曲和修饰概括获得的,为可分离的 Volterra 方程提供了通用空间。作为这些代数结构的应用,表明任何具有可分离 Volterra 核的积分方程都是算子线性的,因为该方程可以简化为具有相同核的迭代积分的线性组合。
The algebraic study of special integral operators led to the notions of Rota-Baxter operators and shuffle products which have found broad applications such as iterated integrals. This paper carries out an algebraic study of general integral operators and equations, and shows that there are rich algebraic structures underlying Volterra integral operators and the corresponding equations. First Volterra integral operators are shown to produce a matching twisted Rota-Baxter algebra satisfying twisted integration-by-parts operator identities. In order to provide a universal space to express general integral equations, free operated algebras are then constructed in terms of bracketed words and rooted trees with decorations on the vertices and edges. Further explicit constructions of the free objects in the category of matching twisted Rota-Baxter algebras are obtained by a twisted and decorated generalization of the shuffle product, providing a universal space for separable Volterra equations. As an application of these algebraic constructions, it is shown that any integral equation with separable Volterra kernels is operator linear in the sense that the equation can be simplified to a linear combination of iterated integrals with the same kernels.
DOI: 10.1090/s0002-9904-1977-14320-6
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