Risk to human health related to the presence of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid in food
Risk to human health related to the presence of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid in food
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DOI：
10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5194
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发表时间：
2018-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Schwerdtle, And Tanja
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Knutsen, Helle Katrine;Alexander, Jan;Schwerdtle, And Tanja
欧盟委员会要求EFSA对食品中存在的全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）和全氟辛酸（PFOA）对人类健康的风险进行科学评估。关于全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟辛酸的出现，可用于膳食接触评估的最终数据集共包含20，019项分析结果（全氟辛烷磺酸n= 10，191，全氟辛酸n= 9，828）。由于分析方法灵敏度不足，暴露上限和下限之间存在较大差异。CONTAM小组认为下限估计值更接近真实接触水平。对全氟辛烷磺酸而言，“鱼类和其他海产品”、“肉和肉制品”和“蛋和蛋制品”是造成长期接触均值下限的重要因素;对全氟辛酸而言，“牛奶和乳制品”、“饮用水”和“鱼类和其他海产品”是造成长期接触均值下限的重要因素。全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟辛烷磺酸在胃肠道中很容易被吸收，通过尿液和粪便排出体外，而且不会发生新陈代谢。全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟辛酸在人体内的半衰期估计分别为5年和2- 4年。基于健康的指导值是根据人类流行病学研究得出的。就全氟辛烷磺酸而言，成人血清总胆固醇增加和儿童接种疫苗时抗体反应下降被确定为关键影响。对于PFOA，血清总胆固醇的增加是关键作用。还考虑了出生体重降低（对于两种化合物）和肝酶丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）（对于PFOA）高血清水平的患病率增加。在对血清中的全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟辛烷磺酸浓度建立基准模型并估算相应的每日摄入量后，国家环境卫生和环境评估小组确定了全氟辛烷磺酸每周可耐受摄入量为13纳克/千克体重，全氟辛烷磺酸每周可耐受摄入量为6纳克/千克体重。对于这两种化合物，相当一部分人群的暴露量超过了拟定的TWI。(c)2018年欧洲食品安全局。由John Wiley and Sons Ltd代表欧洲食品安全局出版的EFSA期刊。
The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific evaluation on the risks to human health related to the presence of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in food. Regarding PFOS and PFOA occurrence, the final data set available for dietary exposure assessment contained a total of 20,019 analytical results (PFOS n=10,191 and PFOA n=9,828). There were large differences between upper and lower bound exposure due to analytical methods with insufficient sensitivity. The CONTAM Panelconsidered the lower bound estimates to be closer to true exposure levels. Important contributors to the lower bound mean chronic exposure were "Fish and other seafood", "Meat and meat products" and "Eggs and egg products", for PFOS, and "Milk and dairy products", "Drinking water" and "Fish and other seafood" for PFOA. PFOS and PFOA are readily absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, excreted in urine and faeces, and do not undergo metabolism. Estimated human half-lives for PFOS and PFOA are about 5 years and 2-4years, respectively. The derivation of a health-based guidance value was based on human epidemiological studies. For PFOS, the increase in serum total cholesterol in adults, and the decrease in antibody response at vaccination in children were identified as the critical effects. For PFOA, the increase in serum total cholesterol was the critical effect. Also reduced birth weight (for both compounds) and increased prevalence of high serum levels of the liver enzyme alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (for PFOA) were considered. After benchmark modelling of serum levels of PFOS and PFOA, and estimating the corresponding daily intakes, the CONTAM Panel established a tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of 13 ng/kg body weight (bw) per week for PFOS and 6ng/kg bw per week for PFOA. For both compounds, exposure of a considerable proportion of the population exceeds the proposed TWIs. (c) 2018 European Food Safety Authority. EFSA Journal published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd on behalf of European Food Safety Authority.