Epigenetic remodelling in human hepatocellular carcinoma.
Epigenetic remodelling in human hepatocellular carcinoma.
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DOI：
10.1186/s13046-022-02297-2
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发表时间：
2022-03-24
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Alisi A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Braghini MR;Lo Re O;Romito I;Fernandez-Barrena MG;Barbaro B;Pomella S;Rota R;Vinciguerra M;Avila MA;Alisi A
肝细胞癌（HCC）是最常见的原发性肝癌，是第六大最常见的诊断癌症和第四大癌症相关死亡原因。与其他异质性实体瘤一样，HCC是遗传改变与表观遗传修饰混合的独特协同组合的结果。在HCC中，体细胞变异的模式和频率根据附近的染色质而变化。另一方面，表观遗传学改变通常诱导基因组不稳定性，易于发生突变。表观遗传学是指基因表达的可遗传状态，而不改变DNA序列本身，与遗传变化不同，表观遗传修饰是可逆的，并且比遗传变化更广泛地影响基因表达。因此，对表观遗传调控和相关分子机制的研究极大地有助于理解HCC发病和异质性的机制。此外，这些知识可能有助于确定HCC诊断和预后的生物标志物，以及未来更有效治疗方法的新靶点。在这篇全面的综述中，我们将讨论关于肝癌发生中表观遗传景观的最新知识，包括非编码RNA的诊断和预后作用的证据，染色质水平上发生的修饰，以及它们在精准医学时代的作用。除了其他已知的易患HCC的风险因素外，肝癌发生过程中发生的表观遗传重构的表征可能为识别个性化生物标志物开辟道路。它还可以实现更准确的诊断和患者分层，并发现更有效的治疗方法的新靶点。
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent primary liver cancer, being the sixth most commonly diagnosed cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death. As other heterogeneous solid tumours, HCC results from a unique synergistic combination of genetic alterations mixed with epigenetic modifications. In HCC the patterns and frequencies of somatic variations change depending on the nearby chromatin. On the other hand, epigenetic alterations often induce genomic instability prone to mutations. Epigenetics refers to heritable states of gene expression without alteration to the DNA sequence itself and, unlike genetic changes, the epigenetic modifications are reversible and affect gene expression more extensively than genetic changes. Thus, studies of epigenetic regulation and the involved molecular machinery are greatly contributing to the understanding of the mechanisms that underline HCC onset and heterogeneity. Moreover, this knowledge may help to identify biomarkers for HCC diagnosis and prognosis, as well as future new targets for more efficacious therapeutic approaches. In this comprehensive review we will discuss the state-of-the-art knowledge about the epigenetic landscape in hepatocarcinogenesis, including evidence on the diagnostic and prognostic role of non-coding RNAs, modifications occurring at the chromatin level, and their role in the era of precision medicine. Apart from other better-known risk factors that predispose to the development of HCC, characterization of the epigenetic remodelling that occurs during hepatocarcinogenesis could open the way to the identification of personalized biomarkers. It may also enable a more accurate diagnosis and stratification of patients, and the discovery of new targets for more efficient therapeutic approaches.
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影响因子：
64.5
作者：
Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network. Electronic address: wheeler@bcm.edu;Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network
通讯作者：
Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Chiodi, Valentina;Domenici, Maria Rosaria;Vinciguerra, Manlio
通讯作者：
Vinciguerra, Manlio
DOI：
10.1038/s41573-020-00108-x
发表时间：
2021-04
期刊：
Nature reviews. Drug discovery
影响因子：
--
作者：
Bhat KP;Ümit Kaniskan H;Jin J;Gozani O
通讯作者：
Gozani O
影响因子：
5.1
作者：
Adeniji N;Dhanasekaran R
通讯作者：
Dhanasekaran R
影响因子：
3.1
作者：
Deng LX;Mehta N
通讯作者：
Mehta N