Electrostatic shock waves in the laboratory and astrophysics: similarities and differences

Electrostatic shock waves in the laboratory and astrophysics: similarities and differences
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实验室中的静电冲击波和天体物理学:异同

DOI:
10.1088/1361-6587/aa8c8f
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发表时间:
2018
影响因子:
2.2
通讯作者:
Dieckmann M
Dieckmann M
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Dieckmann M

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现代激光使我们能够在实验室中制造出冲击波,其传播速度与高能天体物理冲击波的传播速度相匹配,比如那些包裹着超新星爆炸外壳的冲击波。冲击的快速增长时间和时空分辨率,它们可以被采样,使我们能够确定的过程中所涉及的形成和演变。一些激光产生的非磁化冲击是由集体静电力介导的,粒子之间二元碰撞引起的影响可以忽略不计。流体动力学模型,这是有效的许多大规模的天体物理冲击,假设碰撞强制执行当地的热力学平衡的介质;激光产生的冲击,因此并不总是代表天体物理冲击。如果我们能够确定影响静电冲击和流体动力冲击的过程,那么对冲击的实验室研究可以提高对其天体物理学对应物的理解。一个例子是非线性薄壳不稳定性(NTSI)。我们表明,NTSI不稳定的碰撞和碰撞冲击由相同的物理机制。
Contemporary lasers allow us to create shocks in the laboratory that propagate at a speed that matches that of energetic astrophysical shocks like those that ensheath supernova blast shells. The rapid growth time of the shocks and the spatio-temporal resolution, with which they can be sampled, allow us to identify the processes that are involved in their formation and evolution. Some laser-generated unmagnetized shocks are mediated by collective electrostatic forces and effects caused by binary collisions between particles can be neglected. Hydrodynamic models, which are valid for many large-scale astrophysical shocks, assume that collisions enforce a local thermodynamic equilibrium in the medium; laser-generated shocks are thus not always representative for astrophysical shocks. Laboratory studies of shocks can improve the understanding of their astrophysical counterparts if we can identify processes that affect electrostatic shocks and hydrodynamic shocks alike. An example is the nonlinear thin-shell instability (NTSI). We show that the NTSI destabilises collisionless and collisional shocks by the same physical mechanism.
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