SURFACE MICROLAYER PHENOLIC ENRICHMENTS INDICATE SEA-SURFACE SLICKS
SURFACE MICROLAYER PHENOLIC ENRICHMENTS INDICATE SEA-SURFACE SLICKS
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DOI：
10.1038/296426a0
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发表时间：
1982-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
CARLSON, DJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
CARLSON, DJ
早期的研究人员认识到，在水体表面扩散的油膜可以模拟浮油的情况[1 - 3]，这一认识已经演变成目前的模型，即浮油是由单分子膜产生的，这种单分子膜可以改变波浪特性，从而改变表面的反射特性。然而，被假定形成单分子层的脂质物质在大块海水中或表面上仅占有机物质的一小部分4 - 7，在天然海水溶解有机物质（DOM）存在下可能无法保持其强大的表面活性8，并且尚未发现与浮油有任何一致的关系7,9 - 11。浮油与大型藻类的明显联系也已被注意到12 - 15，但没有证据表明浮油中有大型藻类衍生的DOM。我在这里指出，吸收紫外线的酚醛物质（表面微层的一致成分）的富集，提供了光滑条件的可靠指示。然后我提出：(1)浮油不是由单分子膜产生的，而是由更多可溶性有机成分引起的表面微层粘度变化引起的；(2)因此，浮油的发生不取决于表面活性物质的绝对浓度，而取决于相对粘度差。也有证据表明，在浮油中存在巨藻衍生的酚类物质。
The realization by early investigators that oil films spread on surfaces of bodies of water could mimic slick conditions1–3has evolved into the present model of slicks resulting from monomolecular films that modify wave characteristics and hence reflectance properties of surfaces. However, the lipid materials postulated to form monomolecular layers constitute only a small fraction of the organic material in either bulk sea water or at the surface4–7, may not retain their strong surface activity in the presence of natural seawater dissolved organic material (DOM)8, and have not been found in any consistent relationship with slicks7,9–11. The apparent association of slicks with macroalgae has also been noted12–15, but there has not been a demonstration of macroalgae-derived DOM in slicks. I show here that enrichments of UV-absorbing phenolic materials, consistent components of surface microlayers16, offer reliable indication of slick conditions. I then suggest that: (1) slicks result not from monomolecular films, but from viscosity changes in surface microlayers caused by more soluble organic components; and (2) the occurrence of slicks therefore depends not on absolute concentrations of surface-active materials, but on relative viscosity differences. Evidence is also given demonstrating the presence of macroalgae-derived phenolic materials in slicks.