Evaluation of Commercial Agrochemicals as New Tools for Malaria Vector Control
Evaluation of Commercial Agrochemicals as New Tools for Malaria Vector Control
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DOI：
10.2533/chimia.2016.721
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.2
通讯作者：
Maienfisch, Peter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hoppe, Mark;Hueter, Ottmar F.;Maienfisch, Peter
疟疾是一种由寄生虫引起的媒介传播和危及生命的疾病，这些寄生虫通过受感染的雌性按蚊的叮咬传播给人。病媒控制杀虫剂市场只占作物保护市场的一小部分，按有效成分计算估计价值高达5亿美元。目前世界卫生组织批准的产品对杀虫剂的抗药性迫切需要开发新的工具来保护社区免受疟疾传播的影响。对疟疾病媒控制的商业产品进行评价是确定新的疟疾病媒控制产品的一项可行且具有成本效益的战略。从植保杀虫剂中分离出来的几个例子已经证明了这一战略的成功，即室内残留喷雾剂和多杀菌素、驱虫脲、新鲜隆和控制蚊子幼虫的吡虫腈的甲基嘧啶磷，这是控制疟疾媒介的一项补充技术。本研究在一个新开发的筛选系统中测试了代表23种杀虫作用类型的81种杀虫剂、来自6种杀菌作用类型的34种杀菌剂和来自2种除草作用类型的15种除草剂的杀虫活性。世界卫生组织批准用于疟疾媒介控制的杀虫剂在0.2至20毫克有效辐射(Al)升(-1)之间的施用量一直能使斯氏按蚊成虫死亡率达到80%-100%。氯氰菊酯、氟虫腈、硫丹和硫丹表现出预期的良好活性。共鉴定出4种新的杀虫剂和3种杀菌剂，分别是扑草胺、甲胺草胺、硫氰菊酯、甲氰咪唑酮，以及杀菌剂地氟美托林、匹诺菌酯和氟虫净。当然，其中一些化合物在疟疾病媒控制方面值得进一步评估。这是描述商品杀菌剂对疟疾媒介良好活性的第一份报告。
Malaria is a vector-borne and life-threatening disease caused by parasites that are transmitted to people through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. The vector control insecticide market represents a small fraction of the crop protection market and is estimated to be valued at up to $500 million at the active ingredient level. Insecticide resistance towards the current WHOPES-approved products urgently requires the development of new tools to protect communities against the transmission of malaria. The evaluation of commercial products for malaria vector control is a viable and cost effective strategy to identify new malaria vector control products. Several examples of such spin-offs from crop protection insecticides are already evidencing the success of this strategy, namely pirimiphos-methyl for indoor residual sprays and spinosad, diflubenzuron, novaluron, and pyriproxifen for mosquito larvae control, a supplementary technology for control of malaria vectors. In our study the adulticidal activities of 81 insecticides representing 23 insecticidal modes of action classes, 34 fungicides from 6 fungicidal mode of action classes and 15 herbicides from 2 herbicidal modes of action classes were tested in a newly developed screening system. WHOPES approved insecticides for malaria vector control consistently caused 80-100% mortality of adult Anopheles stephensi at application rates between 0.2 and 20 mg active ingradient (Al) litre(-1). Chlorfenapyr, fipronil, carbosulfan and endosulfan showed the expected good activity. Four new insecticides and three fungicides with promising activity against adult mosquitoes were identified, namely the insecticides acetamiprid, thiamethoxam, thiocyclam and metaflumizone and the fungicides diflumetorin, picoxystrobin, and fluazinam. Some of these compounds certainly deserve to be further evaluated for malaria vector control. This is the first report describing good activity of commercial fungicides against malaria vectors.