Significant epitranscriptomes in heterogeneous cancer
Significant epitranscriptomes in heterogeneous cancer
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DOI：
10.1111/cas.14095
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发表时间：
2019-08
期刊：
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
M. Konno;M. Taniguchi;H. Ishii
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Konno;M. Taniguchi;H. Ishii
精准医学非常重视通过对基因面板进行深度测序来识别DNA突变和基因表达的技术，以获得医学数据。然而，其他不容易使用生物信息学读取的不同信息，包括RNA修饰，由于其多功能方面，已成为一种新的诊断和创新治疗方法。这一突破性创新可能为阐明未表征的癌细胞功能开辟新的途径，以开发更精确的医学应用。反映RNA代谢的RNA修饰，即表转录组（ETR）的功能特征和调控机制尚不清楚，主要是由于检测方法的限制。最近的研究表明，真核生物mRNA中最常见的修饰N6‐甲基腺苷不仅影响各种类型的癌症，在某些情况下还影响癌症干细胞，而且还影响细胞对病毒感染的反应。ETR可以通过mRNA剪接、稳定性、核输出和翻译来控制癌细胞的命运。在此，我们报告了ETR检测方法的最新进展，以及ETR在癌症精准医学中的意义的生物学发现。
Precision medicine places significant emphasis on techniques for the identification of DNA mutations and gene expression by deep sequencing of gene panels to obtain medical data. However, other diverse information that is not easily readable using bioinformatics, including RNA modifications, has emerged as a novel diagnostic and innovative therapy owing to its multifunctional aspects. It is suggested that this breakthrough innovation might open new avenues for the elucidation of uncharacterized cancer cellular functions to develop more precise medical applications. The functional characteristics and regulatory mechanisms of RNA modifications, ie, the epitranscriptome (ETR), which reflects RNA metabolism, remains unclear, mainly due to detection methods being limited. Recent studies have revealed that N6‐methyl adenosine, the most common modification in mRNA in eukaryotes, is affected in various types of cancer and, in some cases, cancer stem cells, but also affects cellular responses to viral infections. The ETR can control cancer cell fate through mRNA splicing, stability, nuclear export, and translation. Here we report on the recent progress of ETR detection methods, and biological findings regarding the significance of ETR in cancer precision medicine.