Policing and risk of overdose mortality in urban neighborhoods
Policing and risk of overdose mortality in urban neighborhoods
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DOI：
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.07.008
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Galea, Sandro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bohnert, Amy S. B.;Nandi, Arijit;Galea, Sandro
背景：意外药物过量是吸毒者死亡的主要原因。对警察逮捕的恐惧可能会阻止药物过量的目击者寻求医疗帮助，并可能是药物过量死亡的决定因素。据我们所知，没有研究经验评估警务水平和药物过量死亡率之间的关系。我们假设，警察活动的水平，一致的警察逮捕的恐惧，正相关的药物过量mortality.Methods：我们收集了横截面的时间序列数据为74纽约市（NYC）警察分局在1990年至1999年期间使用的数据从办公室的首席法医纽约市，纽约市警察局，和美国人口普查局。轻罪逮捕率，反映警察活动是我们的主要独立变量的兴趣，和过量率我们的主要因变量interests.Results：平均过量率每10万之间的警察分局在纽约市1990年和1999年为10.8（标准差= 10.0）。在一个贝叶斯分层模型，包括随机空间和时间的影响和空间-时间的相互作用，轻罪逮捕率每1000人与较高的过量死亡率（后验中位数= 0.003，95%可信区间= 0.001，0.005）调整后的总体药物使用在选区和人口统计学特征。一个辖区内的警察活动水平与意外药物过量死亡率有关。未来的研究应审查导致过量死亡率较高的警察-社区互动方面。出版社：Elsevier爱尔兰Ltd.
Background: Accidental drug overdose is a major cause of mortality among drug users. Fears of police arrest may deter witnesses of drug overdose from calling for medical help and may be a determinant of drug overdose mortality. To our knowledge, no studies have empirically assessed the relation between levels of policing and drug overdose mortality. We hypothesized that levels of police activity, congruent with fears of police arrest, are positively associated with drug overdose mortality.Methods: We assembled cross-sectional time-series data for 74 New York City (NYC) police precincts over the period 1990-1999 using data collected from the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner of NYC, the NYC Police Department, and the US Census Bureau. Misdemeanor arrest rate-reflecting police activity was our primary independent variable of interest, and overdose rate our primary dependent variable of interest.Results: The mean overdose rate per 100,000 among police precincts in NYC between 1990 and 1999 was 10.8 (standard deviation = 10.0). In a Bayesian hierarchical model that included random spatial and temporal effects and a space-time interaction, the misdemeanor arrest rate per 1000 was associated with higher overdose mortality (posterior median = 0.003, 95% credible interval = 0.001, 0.005) after adjustment for overall drug use in the precinct and demographic characteristics.Conclusions: Levels of police activity in a precinct are associated with accidental drug overdose mortality. Future research should examine aspects of police-community interactions that contribute to higher overdose mortality. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.