A modelling system for the exhaust emissions of marine traffic and its application in the Baltic Sea area
A modelling system for the exhaust emissions of marine traffic and its application in the Baltic Sea area
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DOI：
10.5194/acp-9-9209-2009
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发表时间：
2009-01-01
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Stipa, T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jalkanen, J. -P.;Brink, A.;Stipa, T.
提出了一种基于船舶自动识别系统（AIS）提供的信息对海上交通的废气排放进行评估的方法，该方法能够对船舶进行识别和定位。使用自动识别系统数据有助于以高空间分辨率对船舶排放物进行定位，这仅受到船舶导航中使用的全球定位系统的不准确性（通常为几米）的限制。根据瞬时速度与设计速度的关系，以及船舶发动机的详细技术资料，计算了排放量。排放量的模拟也是基于船舶设计的一些基本原则，包括每艘船的推进力与速度的模拟。我们研究了波浪对燃料消耗和大气排放的影响。对燃料消耗量的预测与从船东获得的实际值进行了比较。对于滚装货船/客船（RoPax），预测和报告的年燃料消耗值在6%的精度范围内一致。根据数据分析和模型计算，2007年全年波罗的海船舶排放的氮氧化物、硫氧化物和二氧化碳总量分别为400千吨、138千吨和19百万吨。报告还按船旗国、船舶类型和建造年份分列了排放量。该建模系统可用作决策支持工具，用于处理以下问题：航运排放或建造基于排放的航道费制度或排放交易造成的健康影响。排放量的计算可以自动化，这将节省编制排放清单的资源。只要有该特定区域的AIS数据，这些方法和排放计算程序都可以应用于世界上任何海域。
A method is presented for the evaluation of the exhaust emissions of marine traffic, based on the messages provided by the Automatic Identification System (AIS), which enable the identification and location determination of ships. The use of the AIS data facilitates the positioning of ship emissions with a high spatial resolution, which is limited only by the inaccuracies of the Global Positioning System (typically a few metres) that is used in vessel navigation. The emissions are computed based on the relationship of the instantaneous speed to the design speed, and the detailed technical information of the engines of the ships. The modelling of emissions is also based on a few basic principles of ship design, including the modelling of the propelling power of each vessel in terms of its speed. We have investigated the effect of waves on the consumption of fuel, and on the emissions to the atmosphere. The predictions of fuel consumption were compared with the actual values obtained from the shipowners. For a Roll on - Roll off cargo/passenger ship (RoPax), the predicted and reported values of annual fuel consumption agreed within an accuracy of 6%. According to the data analysis and model computations, the emissions of NOx, SOx and CO2 originating from ships in the Baltic Sea during the full calendar year of 2007 were in total 400 kt, 138 kt and 19 Mt, respectively. A breakdown of emissions by flag state, the type of ship and the year of construction is also presented. The modelling system can be used as a decision support tool in the case of issues concerning, e.g., the health effects caused by shipping emissions or the construction of emission-based fairway dues systems or emissions trading. The computation of emissions can be automated, which will save resources in constructing emission inventories. Both the methodologies and the emission computation program can be applied in any sea region in the world, provided that the AIS data from that specific region are available.