Money talks: The influence of extrinsic motivators on social cognition in early episode psychosis
Money talks: The influence of extrinsic motivators on social cognition in early episode psychosis
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DOI：
10.1016/j.schres.2021.06.017
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发表时间：
2021-07-02
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Bowie, Christopher R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Grossman, Michael J.;Bowie, Christopher R.
动机是精神病的一个核心特征，它可能导致在各种任务中表现不佳，包括神经认知测试；然而，有一些证据表明，由于低努力导致的神经认知障碍可以通过使用金钱强化来改善。虽然横断面数据也表明动机与社会认知表现有关，但有限的研究已经检验了这种关系的方向性，以及金钱强化是否同样可以减少这些损害。在本研究中，35名早期精神病患者和35名社区对照者被随机分为两组，一组是奖励条件，在奖励条件下，他们在心理理论（ToM）任务中每正确回答一次就会得到金钱奖励，另一组是没有反馈的无奖励条件。调整病前智力和整体神经认知后，条件相互作用组显著，F(1,63) = 7.76, p = .007。事后分析显示，在不同的条件下，对照组在ToM任务上的表现是相似的，而在奖励条件下的早期精神病患者在ToM任务上的表现与在无奖励条件下的患者相比有临床和统计上的显著差异。这些结果表明，社会认知任务表现可能低于实际能力在精神病的早期阶段。未来的研究需要区分货币强化、纠正反馈和/或这些因素的组合的相对影响，以更好地理解不同条件下的表现差异，这似乎是早期精神病患者所特有的。
Amotivation is a central feature of psychosis that can lead to underperformance on a variety of tasks, including neurocognitive testing; however, there is some evidence that neurocognitive impairments resulting from low effort can be ameliorated with the use of monetary reinforcement. While cross-sectional data has also shown that amotivation is associated with social cognitive performance, limited research has examined the directionality of this relationship, and whether monetary reinforcement can similarly reduce these impairments. In the present study, 35 patients with early psychosis and 35 community controls were randomized to either a reward condition in which they received monetary reinforcement for every correct response on a theory of mind (ToM) task, or a non-reward condition in which no feedback was provided. A significant group by condition interaction emerged after adjusting for premorbid intelligence and global neurocognition, F(1, 63) = 7.76, p = .007. Post-hoc analyses revealed that performance on the ToM task was similar across conditions for controls, whereas early psychosis patients in the reward condition had clinically and statistically significant differences in ToM performance compared to patients in the non-reward condition. These results suggest that social cognitive task performance may underrepresent actual ability in the early stages of psychosis. Future research is needed to discriminate the relative effects of monetary reinforcement, corrective feedback, and/or a combination of these factors to better understand performance differences between conditions, which appeared to be unique to early psychosis patients.