Seasonal and interannual variability of surface heat and freshwater fluxes in the Mediterranean Sea: budgets and exchange through the Strait of Gibraltar
Seasonal and interannual variability of surface heat and freshwater fluxes in the Mediterranean Sea: budgets and exchange through the Strait of Gibraltar
复制标题
地中海表面热量和淡水通量的季节和年际变化：直布罗陀海峡的预算和交换
DOI：
10.1002/joc.2268
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. García‐Lafuente
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
F. Criado;F. J. Soto;J. García‐Lafuente
为分析地中海热量和水分收支的季节和年际变化，并将长期平均值与直布罗陀海峡的直接测量值进行比较，我们综合了多个美国国家环境预报中心（NCEP）的气候数据集。净热量的季节循环在3月至9月为正（朝向海洋），6月达到最大值，而在一年中的其余时间为负，12月达到最小值。尽管存在固有不确定性，但我们得出的年净热量收支基本平衡，为0.7瓦/平方米。西地中海的净热量收支为正（约12瓦/平方米），东地中海为负（约 - 6.4瓦/平方米），这主要是由于东地中海盆地的潜热损失较高。蒸发量减去降水量（E - P）的淡水亏缺具有季节循环，变化幅度约为600毫米/年，8 - 9月达到最大值，5月达到最小值。该盆地平均亏缺的长期平均值为680 ± 70毫米/年，但由于东地中海盆地的蒸发量较高且降水量较低，其亏缺量几乎比整个地中海平均值高70%。结合埃斯帕特尔海槛的气候值和现场测量值，得出通过直布罗陀海峡的平均流入量为0.82 ± 0.05 Sv，盐度比Sin/Sout = 0.956。通过直布罗陀海峡的热平流Qa = 3.2 ± 1.5瓦/平方米，结合长期平均的海面热通量，这意味着地中海的净热含量在过去几十年中有所增加。版权所有© 2010英国皇家气象学会
Several NCEP climatological datasets have been combined to analyse the seasonal and interannual variations of the heat and water budgets in the Mediterranean Sea, and compare the long‐term means with direct measurements in the Strait of Gibraltar. The seasonal cycle of the net heat is positive (toward the ocean) between March and September with maximum in June and negative the rest of the year with minimum in December. Although subject to inherent uncertainty, we obtain a practically neutral budget of 0.7 Wm−2 in a yearly basis. The net heat budget is positive for the western Mediterranean (∼12 Wm−2) and negative for the eastern Mediterranean (∼− 6.4 Wm−2) mainly due to the high latent heat losses of this basin. The evaporation minus precipitation (E–P) freshwater deficit has a seasonal cycle with a range of variation about 600 mm·y−1, maximum in August–September and minimum in May. The long‐term mean of the basin‐averaged deficit is 680 ± 70 mm·y−1 but it is almost 70% greater in the eastern Mediterranean due to higher E and lower P in this basin. Combining the climatological values with in situ measurements in Espartel sill, a mean inflow through the Strait of Gibraltar of 0.82 ± 0.05 Sv is obtained and a salinity ratio Sin/Sout = 0.956. A heat advection Qa = 3.2 ± 1.5 Wm−2 through the Strait of Gibraltar has been obtained that, combined with the long‐term averaged surface heat flux, implies that the net heat content of the Mediterranean Sea would have increased in the last decades. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society