VHH antibodies: emerging reagents for the analysis of environmental chemicals.
VHH antibodies: emerging reagents for the analysis of environmental chemicals.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00216-016-9585-x
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发表时间：
2016-09
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Gee SJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bever CS;Dong JX;Vasylieva N;Barnych B;Cui Y;Xu ZL;Hammock BD;Gee SJ
VHH抗体（或纳米抗体）是仅重链抗体的抗原结合片段。它们在近25年前被发现，已被研究用于临床治疗和免疫诊断，最近用于环境监测应用。VHH是一种新的、有价值的小分子环境化学品分析免疫试剂，它克服了传统试剂的许多缺陷。在迄今为止的工作中，VHH抗体通常与常规抗体相比进行小分子分析，适用于许多遗传工程技术，并且显示出易于适应用于环境监测的其他免疫诊断平台。最近的综述涵盖了VHH抗体的结构和生产以及它们在临床环境中的用途。然而，没有报道关注这些VHH抗体对小环境化学品（MW <1，500 Da）的使用。本文综述了针对各种环境靶标产生VHH的努力，将基于VHH的检测与传统的抗体检测进行了比较，并讨论了开发这些新的抗体试剂的优点和局限性，特别是针对小分子靶标。
A VHH antibody (or nanobody) is the antigen binding fragment of heavy chain only antibodies. Discovered nearly 25 years ago, they have been investigated for their use in clinical therapeutics and immunodiagnostics, and more recently for environmental monitoring applications. A new and valuable immunoreagent for the analysis of small molecular weight environmental chemicals, VHH will overcome many pitfalls encountered with conventional reagents. In the work so far, VHH antibodies often perform comparably to conventional antibodies for small molecule analysis, are amenable to numerous genetic engineering techniques, and show ease of adaption to other immunodiagnostic platforms for use in environmental monitoring. Recent reviews cover the structure and production of VHH antibodies as well as their use in clinical settings. However, no report focuses on the use of these VHH antibodies to small environmental chemicals (MW <1,500 Da). This review article summarizes the efforts made to produce VHHs to various environmental targets, compares the VHH-based assays with conventional antibody assays, and discusses the advantages and limitations in developing these new antibody reagents particularly to small molecule targets.