Dynamic information externalities and employment growth in the Netherlands
Dynamic information externalities and employment growth in the Netherlands
复制标题
荷兰的动态信息外部性和就业增长
DOI：
10.1007/1-4020-3679-5_13
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发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
S. Gerking
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
F. V. van Oort;D. van Soest;S. Gerking
Beginning with Romer (1986) and Lucas (1988), the theory of endogenous growth emphasised the role in the growth process of both the stock of knowledge and the (planned or unplanned) transfer of knowledge between economic agents. For example, knowledge spills over between firms via informal contacts between employees, or because employees switch jobs and take their knowledge with them. Indeed, the most important type of knowledge that plays a role in the growth process is not necessarily pathbreaking innovations, but may be learning opportunities for everyday people (Glaeser 1999). Empirical tests of this theory have often looked at cities to identify settings in which these external factors most effectively foster growth. Results, however, have been sharply divided. On the one hand, Glaeser et al.(1992) and Feldman and Audretsch (1999) find that employment growth is enhanced by diversity of activity across a broad range of sectors. Henderson et al.(1995), Black and Henderson (1999a). Beardsell and Henderson (1999), on the other hand, find faster growth when more activity is concentrated in a single sector. While endogenous growth theory is among the most powerful advances in economics in the past quarter-century, the fact that no clear view has emerged regarding situations to which it best applies represents a barrier to its further development and application. In growth models, for example, it is appropriate to treat urban areas as completely specialised as in Black and Henderson (1999b) or to assume that knowledge spills over predominantly between employees within the same industry as Glaeser (1999) does? Or, is industrial diversity such a fundamental component of the growth process that it must be captured in models such as those outlined in Fujita, Krugman, and Venables (1999)? Moreover, the lack of agreement on the relative importance of industrial concentration and diversity sends an ambiguous message regarding policy choices to promote or manage growth in urban areas. This chapter includes three steps toward a better understanding of the relationship between knowledge spillovers and economic growth using data for the Netherlands. First, we provide insight into potential explanations for
DOI：
10.7551/mitpress/6389.001.0001
发表时间：
1999-06
期刊：
--
影响因子：
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作者：
Masahisa Fujita;P. Krugman;A. Venables
通讯作者：
Masahisa Fujita;P. Krugman;A. Venables