Foxhole atheism, revisited: The effects of mortality salience on explicit and implicit religious belief
Foxhole atheism, revisited: The effects of mortality salience on explicit and implicit religious belief
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jesp.2012.03.005
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发表时间：
2012-09-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Bluemke, Matthias
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jong, Jonathan;Halberstadt, Jamin;Bluemke, Matthias
虽然对死亡的恐惧在许多历史和当代理论中作为宗教信仰的一个主要动机因素而突出，但我们认为，现有的经验证据是矛盾的，并且有限，因为信仰的不精确措施和对认知的内隐和外显方面之间的区别的关注不足。本研究采用外显（问卷）和内隐（单目标内隐联想测试;属性验证）测量技术来研究死亡的想法如何影响，特别是宗教超自然代理人的信仰。当被告知死亡时，参与者明确捍卫自己的宗教世界观，自称基督徒的人更相信超自然的宗教实体存在，而非宗教参与者更相信他们不存在。然而，当信仰被隐性测量时，死亡启动增加了所有参与者对宗教超自然实体的信仰，而不管他们先前的宗教承诺。结果解释的宗教认知的双过程模型，它可以用来解决冲突的先验数据，以及帮助解释令人困惑的宗教信仰的持久性。(C)2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Although fear of death features prominently in many historical and contemporary theories as a major motivational factor in religious belief, the empirical evidence available is ambivalent, and limited, we argue, by imprecise measures of belief and insufficient attention to the distinction between implicit and explicit aspects of cognition. The present research used both explicit (questionnaire) and implicit (single-target implicit association test; property Verification) measurement techniques to examine how thoughts of death influence, specifically, belief in religious supernatural agents. When primed with death, participants explicitly defended their own religious worldview, such that self-described Christians were more confident that supernatural religious entities exist, while non-religious participants were more confident that they do not. However, when belief was measured implicitly, death priming increased all participants' beliefs in religious supernatural entities, regardless of their prior religious commitments. The results are interpreted in terms of a dual-process model of religious cognition, which can be used to resolve conflicting prior data, as well as to help explain the perplexing durability of religious belief. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.