The effects of smoking deprivation and nicotine administration on emotional reactivity
The effects of smoking deprivation and nicotine administration on emotional reactivity
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DOI：
10.1080/14622200600670272
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发表时间：
2006-06-01
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Wetter, David W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cinciripini, Paul M.;Robinson, Jason D.;Wetter, David W.
尽管越来越多的证据表明尼古丁和情绪在基本的生物学水平上存在相关性，但这种联系尚未在实验室研究中得到可靠证明。在这项研究中，使用惊吓探针方法来检查尼古丁给药和尼古丁剥夺对与动机相关的情绪过程的影响。吸烟者 (N=115) 使用尼古丁喷雾（活性药物与安慰剂）完成了四次跨越剥夺（剥夺 12 小时与非剥夺）的实验室课程。参与者观看情感图片（积极、消极、中性）和涉及香烟线索的图片，同时进行惊吓探针。剥夺减少了对香烟暗示的惊吓反应，表明食欲过程被激活。尼古丁给药抑制了剥夺期间的整体惊吓反应。此外，在剥夺期间，在两组试验中随机暴露于负面刺激会导致惊吓反应的适应性下降，这表明在尼古丁戒断期间可能会发生对负面情绪线索的敏感性。这些效应与成瘾的表述一致，强调戒断可能既增加吸烟刺激的强化显着性，又减少对负面情绪刺激的习惯。
Although converging lines of evidence suggest that nicotine and mood are related at a fundamental biological level, this link has not been reliably demonstrated in laboratory studies. In this study, startle probe methodology was used to examine the effects of nicotine administration and deprivation on emotional processes associated with motivation. Smokers (N=115) completed four laboratory sessions crossing deprivation (12-hr deprived vs. nondeprived) with nicotine spray (active vs. placebo). Participants viewed affective pictures (positive, negative, neutral) and pictures involving cigarette cues, while startle probes were administered. Deprivation decreased startle responding to cigarette cues, suggesting an activation of appetitive processes. Nicotine administration suppressed overall startle responding during deprivation. In addition, during deprivation, random exposure to negative stimuli over two blocks of trials resulted in decreased adaptation of the startle response, suggesting that some sensitization to negative emotional cues may take place during nicotine withdrawal. These effects are consistent with formulations of addiction, stressing that withdrawal may both increase the reinforcement salience of smoking stimuli and decrease habituation to negative emotional stimuli.