NATIONAL TRENDS IN EDUCATIONAL DIFFERENTIALS IN MORTALITY
NATIONAL TRENDS IN EDUCATIONAL DIFFERENTIALS IN MORTALITY
复制标题
DOI：
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115225
复制
发表时间：
1989-05-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
CORNONIHUNTLEY, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
FELDMAN, JJ;MAKUC, DM;CORNONIHUNTLEY, J
作者使用1960年匹配记录研究的数据和1971-1984年第一次全国健康和营养调查（NHANES I）流行病学随访研究（NHEFS）的数据，研究了美国中年和老年白色男性和女性死亡率的社会经济差异的国家变化。1960年，不同教育水平的中年和老年男性的死亡率几乎没有差异。自1960年以来，受教育程度较高的男子的死亡率比受教育程度较低的男子的死亡率下降得更快，这导致1971-1984年期间死亡率方面的教育差异很大。与此相反，在妇女中，无论教育程度如何，死亡率都以同样的速度下降，因此，1960年教育与死亡率之间的强烈反比关系在1971-1984年期间保持了大约相同的幅度。心脏病死亡率的教育差异趋势是所有死亡原因变化的主要原因。基于NHEFS的相对风险估计表明，在考虑了选定的基线风险因素后，受教育程度最低的人死于心脏病的风险仍然显著升高，范围从基线时65-74岁男性的相对风险1.38到45-64岁男性的2.27。观察到的教育差异的原因及其随时间的变化不容易解释，可能是多方面的。
The authors examined national changes in socioeconomic differentials in mortality for middle-aged and older white men and women in the United States with the use of 1960 data from the Matched Records Study and 1971-1984 data from the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I) Epidemiologic Followup Study (NHEFS). In 1960, there was little difference in mortality by educational level among middle-aged and older men. Since 1960, death rates among men declined more rapidly for the more educated than the less educated, which resulted in substantial educational differentials in mortality in 1971-1984. In contrast, among women, death rates declined at about the same rate regardless of educational attainment, so that a strong inverse relation between education and mortality in 1960 remained about the same magnitude during 1971-1984. Trends in educational differentials for heart disease mortality are responsible for much of the change for all causes of death. Relative risk estimates based on the NHEFS indicate that after taking into account selected baseline risk factors the least educated are still at substantially elevated risk of death from heart disease, ranging from a relative risk of 1.38 for men aged 65-74 years at baseline to 2.27 for men aged 45-64 years. Reasons for the observed educational differentials and their changes over time are not easily explained and are likely to be multifactorial.