Development of microbeads from unmodified biomass with tunable size and competitive mechanical properties
Development of microbeads from unmodified biomass with tunable size and competitive mechanical properties
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DOI：
10.1007/s10570-023-05393-4
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发表时间：
2023-07
期刊：
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Benjamin Robertson;Lena Hoover;G. Rott;Michelle Quan;M. Calabrese
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Benjamin Robertson;Lena Hoover;G. Rott;Michelle Quan;M. Calabrese
尽管有国家和国际法规，塑料微珠仍被广泛用于个人护理和消费品(PCCP)中作为剥离剂和流变性改进剂，使用后会造成严重的微塑料污染。作为一种可持续的替代方案，微珠是通过将生物质溶液和沉淀物挤压到抗溶剂中来制备的。尽管使用了包括纤维素和硫酸盐木质素在内的可生物降解、非衍生生物质的新型混合物，但所得微珠的形状、尺寸和硬度范围与商业塑料微珠相同，即使没有交联剂也是如此。溶液的可加工性和产生的微珠形状和杨氏模数可以通过生物质来源、浓度和聚合度来调节；生物质浓度、挤出几何形状以及沉淀和提取条件控制微珠的大小。木质素的加入降低了溶液的粘度，从而改善了加工性，但也产生了比仅含纤维素的微珠具有更高模数的更扁平的微珠。虽然一些木质素在储存在水中时会从珠子中渗出，但添加表面活性剂(如十二烷基硫酸钠)可以抑制这种影响，导致在两个半月内具有良好的机械稳定性，并且没有明显的结构退化。这些混合来源的生物质微球的稳定性--尽管没有化学交联或衍生化--使这一路线成为一种有前景的、稳健的方法，可以获得尺寸和硬度可调的环境友好型微球，用于五氯环己烷。
Despite national and international regulations, plastic microbeads are still widely used in personal care and consumer products (PCCPs) as exfoliants and rheological modifiers, causing significant microplastic pollution following use. As a sustainable alternative, microbeads were produced by extrusion of biomass solutions and precipitation into anti-solvent. Despite using novel blends of biodegradable, non-derivatized biomass including cellulose and Kraft lignin, resulting microbeads are within the shape, size, and stiffness range of commercial plastic microbeads, even without crosslinking. Solution processability and resulting bead shape and Young’s modulus can be tuned via biomass source, concentration, and degree of polymerization; biomass concentration, extrusion geometry, and precipitation and extraction conditions control the bead size. Lignin incorporation reduces the solution viscosity, which improves processability but also produces flatter beads with higher moduli than cellulose-only microbeads. While some lignin leaches from the beads when stored in water, adding surfactants like sodium dodecyl sulfate suppresses this effect, resulting in good mechanical stability over 2 months with no noticeable structural degradation. The stability of these mixed-source biomass microbeads—despite the absence of chemical crosslinking or derivatization—makes this route a promising, robust approach for obtaining environmentally-benign microbeads of tunable size and stiffness for use in PCCPs.