Social capital and collective efficacy in Hungary: cross sectional associations with middle aged female and male mortality rates
Social capital and collective efficacy in Hungary: cross sectional associations with middle aged female and male mortality rates
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匈牙利的社会资本和集体效能：与中年女性和男性死亡率的横截面关联
DOI：
10.1136/jech.2003.010017
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发表时间：
2004
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
I. Kawachi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Skrabski;M. Kopp;I. Kawachi
目标：社会资本、集体效能和宗教参与都与人口健康有关。这项研究审查了这些措施与匈牙利男女死亡率之间的关系。设计：横断面生态学研究。背景：匈牙利150个分区。参与者和方法：2002年对12 643人进行了访谈（“2002年匈牙利研究”调查）。社会资本的衡量标准是缺乏社会信任，公民之间的互惠和民间组织的成员资格。集体效能是通过芝加哥社区人类发展项目的调查项目来衡量的。宗教参与是通过教堂出席率来衡量的。主要结果测量：中央统计局提供的匈牙利150个次区域中年人口（45-64岁）按性别分列的全因死亡率。结果：社会资本、集体效能、宗教参与与中年死亡率显著相关。教育后，集体效能与男性和女性的死亡率都有最强的关联。在男性中，社会经济地位、集体效能、社会不信任、竞争态度、互惠和公民组织成员资格解释了次区域死亡率差异的68.0%。在妇女中，同样的变量只能解释死亡率差异的29.3%。宗教参与对妇女具有保护作用。结论：集体效能和社会资本是匈牙利各次区域男女死亡率的重要预测因素。社会因素相对重要性的性别差异可能有助于解释经济转型对中东欧国家男女死亡率的不同影响。
Objectives: Social capital, collective efficacy, and religious involvement have each been linked to population health. This study examined the relations between these measures and male/female mortality rates in Hungary. Design: Cross sectional, ecological study. Setting: 150 sub-regions of Hungary. Participants and methods: 12 643 people were interviewed in 2002 (the “Hungarostudy 2002” survey). Social capital was measured by lack of social trust, reciprocity between citizens, and membership in civil organisations. Collective efficacy was measured by survey items from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods. Religious involvement was measured by church attendance. Main outcome measure: Gender specific all cause mortality rates for the middle aged population (45–64 years) in the 150 sub-regions of Hungary, provided by the Central Statistical Office (CSO). Results: Social capital, collective efficacy, as well as religious involvement were each significantly associated with middle age mortality. After education, collective efficacy showed the strongest association with mortality in both men and women. Among men, socioeconomic status, collective efficacy, social distrust, competitive attitude, reciprocity, and membership of civic organisations explained 68.0% of the sub-regional variations in mortality rates. Among women the same variables explained only 29.3% of the variance in mortality rates. Religious involvement was protective among women. Conclusion: Collective efficacy and social capital are significant predictors of mortality rates in both men and women across sub-regions of Hungary. Gender differences in the relative importance of social factors may help to explain the differential impact of economic transformation on mortality rates for men and women in Central-Eastern European countries.