Urbanization, educational expansion, and expenditure inequality in Indonesia in 1996, 1999, and 2002
Urbanization, educational expansion, and expenditure inequality in Indonesia in 1996, 1999, and 2002
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DOI：
10.1080/13547860801923558
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发表时间：
2008-03
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Takahiro Akita;Sachiko Miyata
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Takahiro Akita;Sachiko Miyata
本文将城乡区位和教育视为支出不平等的主要因素，并试图考察印度尼西亚城市化和教育扩张带来的不平等变化。人们发现，城市地区的高等教育群体对整体不平等负有重大责任。群体内部的不平等显着加剧。这与教育扩张一起导致城市不平等现象显着加剧。总体不平等加剧，不仅是由于城市不平等的加剧，也是由于城市化带来的城乡差距的扩大。为了减轻总体不平等，政府需要出台政策，减少受过高等教育的家庭之间的不平等。
This paper considers urban–rural location and education as the main factors of expenditure inequality, and attempts to examine inequality changes associated with urbanization and educational expansion in Indonesia. The urban sector's higher educational group is found to have contributed significantly to overall inequality. Its within-group inequality increased significantly. This, together with educational expansion, led to a conspicuous rise in urban inequality. Overall inequality rose, due not only to the rise in urban inequality but also a widening urban–rural disparity, accompanied by urbanization. To mitigate overall inequality, the government needs to introduce policies that could reduce inequality among households with a tertiary education.