The Role of Orienting Behavior in Human Interaction
The Role of Orienting Behavior in Human Interaction
复制标题
定向行为在人类互动中的作用
DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4684-1893-4_16
复制
发表时间：
1971
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Cranach
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Cranach
在本文中，我们处理的一类运动和位置观察到的人类互动，我们称之为定向行为：眼睛的方向，头部和整个身体的合作伙伴。这种行为是基于人体的物理结构，与所有其他在空间中移动的生物一样，人体的输入和输出器官位于明显的正面方向，眼睛和耳朵是人类最重要的社交刺激入口。到目前为止，耳朵在社会互动中的定向行为方面一直被忽视;大多数研究人员都在研究注视行为。这种集中在眼睛上的原因可能是，与耳朵不同，眼睛由于其明显的方向特征，显示出可以直接观察到的不同的方向位置和运动。这些动作使互动伙伴（以下称为合作伙伴），以及观察者，以得出有关观看互动者的认知或情绪状态的推论;它们也可以作为通信信号。眼睛的这种信号功能将是我们讨论的重点;此外，我们将试图把它与身体的一般定向运动联系起来。
In this paper, we deal with a class of movements and positions observed in human interaction which we have called orienting behavior: the orientation of the eyes, head and the whole body towards the partner. This behavior is based on physical structures in the human body, which, as with all other organisms that move in space, has its organs for input and output located in a distinct frontal orientation.In man, the eye and the ear are the most important entrances for social stimuli. The ear has so far been neglected in terms of orienting behavior in social interaction; most investigators deal with looking behavior. A reason for this concentration on the eyes may be that, unlike the ear, the eyes, because of their marked directional characteristics, show distinct orientation positions and movements which can be observed directly.** These movements enable the interaction-partner (hereafter called partner), and the observer as well, to draw inferences about the looking-interactant's cognitive or emotional states; they may also serve as communication signals. It is this signal-function of the eyes which will be the focus of our discussion; furthermore, we shall try to relate it to the orienting movements of the body in general.