ESTROGENS, PROGESTOGENS, NORMAL BREAST CELL-PROLIFERATION, AND BREAST-CANCER RISK
ESTROGENS, PROGESTOGENS, NORMAL BREAST CELL-PROLIFERATION, AND BREAST-CANCER RISK
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DOI：
10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036102
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发表时间：
1993-01-01
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
PRESS, MF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
PIKE, MC;SPICER, DV;PRESS, MF
PIP：流行病学研究表明，卵巢激素有助于乳腺癌在各个阶段的发展。绝经早期和绝经前肥胖可降低风险，而绝经后肥胖和绝经期雌激素替代治疗可增加风险。联合口服避孕药和Depo-Provera不能降低风险。雌激素和孕激素似乎通过原癌基因和生长因子并与原癌基因和生长因子一起作用，影响乳腺细胞增殖和乳腺癌病因。动物研究表明，在黄体期，雌激素引起小叶间导管细胞分裂，孕激素引起终末导管小叶单位细胞分裂增加。大多数乳腺癌起源于终末导管小叶单位细胞。在怀孕期间，这些细胞完全繁殖。它们的繁殖也在黄体期增加。然而，人与人之间的差异很大。然而，没有研究乳腺细胞分裂的研究将细胞分裂率与血清激素浓度进行比较。有丝分裂高峰出现在黄体晚期和卵泡极早期乳腺细胞死亡前3天左右。其他研究表明，乳腺干细胞增殖与乳腺癌的发展有关。内分泌治疗降低有丝分裂活性，表明乳腺癌的雌激素和孕激素受体含量。激素依赖性乳腺癌细胞系都是雌激素依赖性的。孕激素可阻断雌激素依赖性细胞系，其作用类似于子宫内膜细胞。与乳腺癌相关的各种乳腺细胞增殖研究的结果尚不清楚，确定分子解释的研究将有助于理解不同的发现。
PIP: Epidemiologic studies suggest that ovarian hormones contribute to the development of breast cancer at all stages. Early menopause and premenopausal obesity reduces the risk while postmenopausal obesity and menopausal estrogen replacement therapy increases the risk. Combined oral contraceptives and Depo-Provera do not reduce the risk. It appears that estrogens and progestogens act through and with proto-oncogenes and growth factors to affect breast cell proliferation and breast cancer etiology. Animal studies suggest that estrogen causes interlobular ductal cell division and progesterone causes increased terminal duct lobular unit cell division in the luteal phase. Most breast carcinomas originate from terminal duct lobular unit cells. During pregnancy, these cells fully multiply. Their reproduction is also increased during the luteal phase. Yet, there is considerable interpersonal variation. No studies examining breast cell division have compared cell division rates with serum hormone concentrations, however. The peak of mitosis occurs about 3 days before breast cell death in the late luteal and very early follicular phases. Other research suggests that breast stem cell proliferation is linked to breast cancer development. Endocrine therapy reduces mitotic activity, indicating the estrogen and progesterone receptor content of breast cancers. Hormone-dependent breast cancer cell lines are all estrogen-dependent. Progesterone can block the estrogen-dependent cell lines which act like endometrial cells. The results of the various breast cell proliferation studies in relation to breast cancer are unclear and research identifying a molecular explanation would help in understanding the different findings.