Interactions between zebrafish pigment cells responsible for the generation of Turing patterns
Interactions between zebrafish pigment cells responsible for the generation of Turing patterns
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0808622106
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发表时间：
2009-05-26
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Kondo, Shigeru
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Nakamasu, Akiko;Takahashi, Go;Kondo, Shigeru
反应扩散系统是研究最多的一种产生自主空间周期结构的非线性机制。在许多使用计算机模拟的数学研究的基础上，假设动物皮肤图案是图灵图案（由反应-扩散系统产生的平稳周期性图案）的最典型例子。然而，由于该现象的分子或细胞基础尚未确定，因此模式形成的机制仍然未知。在本研究中，我们确定了斑马鱼色素细胞之间的相互作用网络，并表明该相互作用网络具有形成图灵图案所必需的性质。当用激光治疗杀死有限区域的色素细胞时，新的色素细胞产生并再生条纹图案。我们还发现细胞的发育和存活受到周围细胞位置的影响。当黑素细胞和黄素细胞位于相邻位置时，这些细胞相互排斥。然而，黑素细胞的分化和生存需要大量分布在较远区域的黄素细胞。有趣的是，这些细胞的局部作用与它们的长期作用相反。这种关系满足了反应扩散模型中稳定模式形成的必要条件。对推导出的网络进行模拟计算，生成了野生型色素图案以及其他突变图案。我们在这里的发现允许在细胞生物学的背景下进一步研究图灵模式的形成。
The reaction-diffusion system is one of the most studied nonlinear mechanisms that generate spatially periodic structures autonomous. On the basis of many mathematical studies using computer simulations, it is assumed that animal skin patterns are the most typical examples of the Turing pattern (stationary periodic pattern produced by the reaction-diffusion system). However, the mechanism underlying pattern formation remains unknown because the molecular or cellular basis of the phenomenon has yet to be identified. In this study, we identified the interaction network between the pigment cells of zebrafish, and showed that this interaction network possesses the properties necessary to form the Turing pattern. When the pigment cells in a restricted region were killed with laser treatment, new pigment cells developed to regenerate the striped pattern. We also found that the development and survival of the cells were influenced by the positioning of the surrounding cells. When melanophores and xanthophores were located at adjacent positions, these cells excluded one another. However, melanophores required a mass of xanthophores distributed in a more distant region for both differentiation and survival. Interestingly, the local effect of these cells is opposite to that of their effects long range. This relationship satisfies the necessary conditions required for stable pattern formation in the reaction diffusion model. Simulation calculations for the deduced network generated wild-type pigment patterns as well as other mutant patterns. Our findings here allow further investigation of Turing pattern formation within the context of cell biology.