Negative reinforcement reveals non-evoked ongoing pain in mice with tissue or nerve injury.

Negative reinforcement reveals non-evoked ongoing pain in mice with tissue or nerve injury.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.jpain.2012.03.011
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发表时间:
2012-06
期刊:
影响因子:
4
通讯作者:
Wang, Zaijie Jim
Wang, Zaijie Jim
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
He, Ying;Tian, Xuebi;Hu, Xiaoyu;Porreca, Frank;Wang, Zaijie Jim

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患有慢性疼痛的患者会经历自发性或持续性疼痛以及对诱发刺激的敏感性增强。在临床前研究中很少评估自发性或持续性疼痛。事实上,组织或神经损伤后小鼠是否会出现持续性疼痛或自发性疼痛仍然存在争议。这项研究测试了一个假设,即负强化可以用来揭示组织或神经损伤的小鼠疼痛的存在。我们发现,在未受伤或假手术的小鼠中,脊髓注射可乐定或利多卡因不会引起 CPP。然而,这些药物在由完全弗氏佐剂 (CFA) 或 L5/L6 脊神经结扎 (SNL) 诱导的慢性炎症小鼠中产生 CPP。这些数据表明,患有慢性炎症 (CFA) 或神经损伤后 (SNL) 的小鼠存在非诱发性(即与刺激无关)的持续疼痛。此外,这项研究验证了使用负强化来揭示小鼠非诱发的持续疼痛。鉴于存在大量转基因和基因敲除小鼠,我们的数据显示这种方法的应用可以阐明非诱发性疼痛的分子机制,并有助于发现治疗疼痛的药物。我们证明了患有慢性炎症或神经损伤后的小鼠存在非诱发性持续疼痛。该研究还验证了使用负强化来揭示小鼠非诱发性疼痛。我们建议应用这种方法来确定治疗慢性疼痛的分子机制和有效药物。
Patients with chronic pain experience spontaneous or ongoing pain as well as enhanced sensitivity to evoked stimuli. Spontaneous or ongoing pain is rarely evaluated in preclinical studies. In fact, it remains controversial whether ongoing or spontaneous pain even develops in mice after tissue or nerve injury. This study tested a hypothesis that negative reinforcement can be used to unmask the presence of pain in mice with tissue or nerve injury. We found that spinal administration of clonidine or lidocaine did not elicit CPP in uninjured or sham-operated mice. However, these agents produced CPP in mice with chronic inflammation induced by complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) or following L5/L6 spinal nerve ligation (SNL). These data indicate the presence of non-evoked (i.e., stimulus-independent) ongoing pain in mice with chronic inflammation (CFA) or following nerve injury (SNL). In addition, this study validates the use of negative reinforcement to unmask non-evoked ongoing pain in mice. Given the existence of a large collection of transgenic and knockout mice, our data show the application of this approach to elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying non-evoked pain and to contribute to drug discovery for pain. We demonstrated the presence of non-evoked ongoing pain in mice with chronic inflammation or following nerve injury. The study also validates the use of negative reinforcement to unmask non-evoked pain in mice. We propose to apply this approach to identify molecular mechanisms and effective drugs for chronic pain.
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