Incorporating belowground traits: avenues towards a whole‐tree perspective on performance
Incorporating belowground traits: avenues towards a whole‐tree perspective on performance
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DOI：
10.1111/oik.08827
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发表时间：
2022-06
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
M. Weemstra;T. Kuyper;F. Sterck;M. Umaña
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Weemstra;T. Kuyper;F. Sterck;M. Umaña
树木的表现取决于相互依赖的叶、茎和（菌根）根的协调功能。因此，与单独研究器官相比，整合植物器官及其特性可以更全面地了解树木的性能。直到最近，我们对根系性状的有限理解阻碍了这种对整个树的表现的看法，但根系生态学的最新发展为整合地上和地下提供了新的动力。在这里，我们确定了两个关键途径，以进一步发展性能的整体视角，并强调了包括地下设施在内的概念和实践挑战和机遇。首先，需要将单个根系的性状放大到整个根系，以确定地下功能，例如土壤总水分和养分吸收，以及因此产生的表现。其次，地上和地下的植物器官需要机械地联系起来，以解释它们如何在功能上相互作用，并调查它们对树木性能的综合影响。我们进一步确定菌根共生是下一个前沿，并强调将这些共生体纳入整个树框架的几个行动过程。如本文所述，通过放大和机械整合（菌根）根，地下可以更好地用全树概念和机械模型来表示；最终，这不仅将提高我们对单个树木的功能和性能的估计，而且还将提高我们对它们所在的社区和生态系统对环境变化的过程和反应的估计。
Tree performance depends on the coordinated functioning of interdependent leaves, stems and (mycorrhizal) roots. Integrating plant organs and their traits, therefore, provides a more complete understanding of tree performance than studying organs in isolation. Until recently, our limited understanding of root traits impeded such a whole‐tree perspective on performance, but recent developments in root ecology provide new impetuses for integrating the below‐ and aboveground. Here, we identify two key avenues to further develop a whole‐tree perspective on performance and highlight the conceptual and practical challenges and opportunities involved in including the belowground. First, traits of individual roots need to be scaled up to the root system as a whole to determine belowground functioning, e.g. total soil water and nutrient uptake, and hence performance. Second, above‐ and belowground plant organs need to be mechanistically connected to account for how they functionally interact and to investigate their combined impacts on tree performance. We further identify mycorrhizal symbiosis as the next frontier and emphasize several courses of actions to incorporate these symbionts in whole‐tree frameworks. By scaling up and mechanistically integrating (mycorrhizal) roots as argued here, the belowground can be better represented in whole‐tree conceptual and mechanistic models; ultimately, this will improve our estimates of not only the functioning and performance of individual trees, but also the processes and responses to environmental change of the communities and ecosystems they are part of.