DEMOGRAPHY OF SOURCE-SINK POPULATIONS AND THE EVOLUTION OF ECOLOGICAL NICHES
DEMOGRAPHY OF SOURCE-SINK POPULATIONS AND THE EVOLUTION OF ECOLOGICAL NICHES
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/bf01237695
复制
发表时间：
1995-01-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
KAWECKI, TJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
KAWECKI, TJ
生活在可变环境中的种群的人口统计是塑造生态位进化的重要因素，因为它决定了对不同生境适应的选择压力的相对强度。在这里，我认为一个粗粒度的环境组成的两种栖息地类型，并探讨如何在不同的栖息地繁殖成功的选择压力取决于它们的质量和频率和扩散模式。结果表明，对最佳生境的适应选择通常会比对不良生境的适应更强，因此生态位将趋于进化保守的字符。这是因为在自然种群中似乎普遍存在的栖息地选择或有限扩散的情况下，更多的个体遇到了更好的栖息地，而不是仅仅根据其相对面积所预期的。这种偏见的结果减少了选择的压力，在较贫穷的栖息地繁殖成功。随着栖息地的选择或有限的扩散，选择压力在较差的栖息地繁殖成功可能会超过繁殖成功在较好的栖息地，只有当较差的栖息地是更频繁的环境比更好的栖息地和质量的差异不大。
The demography of populations living in variable environments is an important factor molding the evolution of ecological niches, for it determines the relative strength of selection pressures on adaptations to different habitats. Here I consider a coarse-grained environment consisting of two habitat types and investigate how the selection pressure on reproductive success in different habitats depends on their quality and frequency and the dispersal pattern. The results suggest that selection on adaptations to optimal habitats will usually be stronger than on adaptations to poor habitats and the ecological niche will thus tend to be an evolutionarily conservative character. It is because under the habitat choice or limited dispersal that seem to prevail in natural populations, more individuals encounter the better habitat than would be expected solely on the basis of its relative area. This bias results in reduced selection pressure on reproductive success in the poorer habitat. With habitat choice or limited dispersal, selection pressure on reproductive success in the poorer habitat may exceed that on reproductive success in the better habitat only if the poorer habitat is much more frequent in the environment than the better habitat and the difference in their quality is not large.