Should aphids attract or repel ants? Effect of rival aphids and extrafloral nectaries on ant–aphid interactions
Should aphids attract or repel ants? Effect of rival aphids and extrafloral nectaries on ant–aphid interactions
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蚜虫应该吸引还是排斥蚂蚁？竞争对手的蚜虫和花外蜜腺对蚂蚁与蚜虫相互作用的影响
DOI：
10.1007/pl00011996
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发表时间：
2000
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Y. Hashimoto
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. Sakata;Y. Hashimoto
在植物和食草动物之间，与蚂蚁共生的冲突主要有两类：一类是喜蚁食草动物和植物之间的蚂蚁共生竞争，另一类是被蚂蚁侵害的喜蚁动物和非喜蚁动物之间的吸引或排斥蚂蚁的冲突。本文研究了两种蚜虫（厚尾蚜和扁蚜）及其寄主植物蚕豆（Vicia fabavar.minor）花外蜜腺与蚂蚁的相互关系。我们设计了一个实验，蚂蚁可以选择访问被（1）M。crassicauda，（2）厚尾甲A. cracivora，（3）两种蚜虫，或（4）两种蚜虫。蚂蚁更喜欢A. craccivorato花外蜜腺和避免tendingM.粗尾类我们还分析了每种蚜虫与（1）蚂蚁，（2）其他蚜虫物种，（3）蚂蚁和其他蚜虫物种，或（4）两者都没有共存时的种群增长。在无蚂蚁的条件下，我们发现两种蚜虫之间的剥削竞争。蚂蚁对A.而对黑腹叶蝉种群增长有负效应。粗鲁无礼地攻击某些人当两种蚜虫共存时，M.厚尾熊遭受的蚂蚁攻击更强烈，因为A. Craccivora比花外蜜腺吸引更多的蚂蚁，尽管M.粗尾类另一方面，蚂蚁受益于A。craccivoraby淘汰其竞争对手。为了避免蚂蚁的攻击，蚜虫可能已经被选择为比其他同域糖源更吸引蚂蚁，或者排斥被吸引到它们的蚂蚁。我们推测，同域糖源，包括竞争对手的蚜虫和花外蜜腺之间的竞争是一个因素限制蚜虫是mymecophilous。
Among plants and herbivores, two types of conflicts occur in relation to mutualism with ants: one is competition for ant mutualism among myrmecophilous herbivores and plants, and the other is the conflict whether to attract or repel ants between myrmecophiles and nonmyrmecophiles that are damaged by ants. We investigated the extent to which two species of aphids (Megoura crassicaudaandAphis craccivora) and extrafloral nectaries on their host plant (Vicia fabavar.minor) interact with one another for their relationships with ants. We designed an experiment where ants can choose to visit seedlings colonized by (1)M. crassicauda, (2)A. cracivora, (3) both aphid species, or (4) neither aphid species. Ants preferredA. craccivorato extrafloral nectaries and avoided tendingM. crassicauda. We also analyzed the population growth of each aphid when it coexists with (1) ants, (2) the other aphid species, (3) ants and the other aphid species, or (4) neither of them. Under ant-free conditions, we detected an exploitative competition between the two aphid species. The ants had no significant effect on the population ofA. craccivora, whereas they had negative effects on the population growth ofM. crassicaudaby attacking some individuals. When both aphids coexisted,M. crassicaudasuffered ant attack more intensely becauseA. craccivoraattracted more ants than extrafloral nectaries despite ant-repelling byM. crassicauda. On the other hand, the ants benefitedA. craccivoraby eliminating its competitor. To avoid ant attack, aphids may have been selected either to be more attractive to ants than other sympatric sugar sources or to repel the ants attracted to them. We hypothesize that competition among sympatric sugar sources including rival aphids and extrafloral nectaries is a factor restricting aphids to be myrmecophilous.
大野宏树：粘合剂牙科 6(1)。
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