Knowing about not remembering: developmental dissociations in lack-of-memory monitoring
Knowing about not remembering: developmental dissociations in lack-of-memory monitoring
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-7687.2009.00908.x
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发表时间：
2010-07-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Lyons, Kristen E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ghetti, Simona;Castelli, Paola;Lyons, Kristen E.
7岁及以下的儿童在评估对一件事缺乏记忆是否表明没有经历过这件事时遇到了很大的困难。目前的研究调查了这种困难是由于一般无法评估记忆缺失，还是由于无法监测记忆缺失的一个特征，即预期记忆，这在以前的研究中已经得到了检验。7岁、8岁和9岁的孩子以及成年人（72人）对奇怪和常见的行为进行了表演、想象和虚构。两周后，参与者被要求识别已经实施的行动。即使是7岁的孩子也对被拒绝的干扰物的相对熟悉程度进行了监测（即，与想象和虚构的干扰物相比，他们对拒绝小说的信心更高）。然而，只有年龄较大的儿童和成人表现出了监测预期记忆的能力（例如，对奇异的干扰物的拒绝比普通的干扰物更有信心）。这些结果表明，幼儿在监测记忆缺失方面表现出特定的缺陷，而不是一般的缺陷，并提供了在儿童时期改善记忆缺失监测的特定领域的指示。
Children aged 7 and younger encounter great difficulty in assessing whether lack of memory for an event indicates that the event was not experienced. The present research investigated whether this difficulty results from a general inability to evaluate memory absence or from a specific inability to monitor one feature of memory absence that has been examined in previous studies, namely expected memorability. Seven-, 8- and 9-year-olds, and adults (N = 72) enacted, imagined and confabulated about bizarre and common actions. Two weeks later, participants were asked to recognize the actions that had been enacted. Even 7-year-olds monitored the relative familiarity of rejected distracters (i.e. reported higher confidence for the rejection of novel versus imagined and confabulated distracters). However, only older children and adults exhibited the ability to monitor expected memorability (e.g. reported higher confidence for the rejection of bizarre versus common distracters). These results suggest that young children exhibit specific, rather than general, deficits in monitoring memory absence, and provide an indication of the specific domains in which lack-of-memory monitoring improves during childhood.