Effects of ploidy and gear on the performance of cultured oysters, Crassostrea virginica: Survival, growth, shape, condition index and Vibrio abundances
Effects of ploidy and gear on the performance of cultured oysters, Crassostrea virginica: Survival, growth, shape, condition index and Vibrio abundances
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倍性和装备对养殖牡蛎（Crassostrea virginica）性能的影响：生存、生长、形状、状况指数和弧菌丰度
DOI：
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2013.07.032
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
J. Supan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
W. Walton;F. Rikard;G. Chaplin;J. E. Davis;C. Arias;J. Supan
2011 年，我们在阿拉巴马州大湾的一个商业牡蛎养殖场进行了倍性（三倍体和半兄弟二倍体）和齿轮类型的实验现场测试：1）LowPro 底笼（切萨皮克湾牡蛎公司 - CBOC），2）可调节延绳钓篮（BST，有限公司），3）OysterGro 浮动笼（Ketcham Supply）和 4）浮动袋（CBOC）。从 5 月 5 日到 10 月 11 日（166 天），东部牡蛎 Crassostreavirginica 被部署在四种齿轮类型中，每个倍性的重复袋分配给每个齿轮类型（n ≥ 3）。在实验结束时对存活、生长（壳尺寸和重量测量，根据实验开始时倍性之间的差异进行调整）和牡蛎形状（“扇形”和“杯形”比率）进行量化。状况指数在八月和十月测定，同时细菌、弧菌和弧菌的丰度。副溶血弧菌，在八月和九月进行了定量。各倍体之间的存活率相当，但在底部网箱中存活率较差的齿轮类型之间存在显着差异（受牡蛎钻、Stramonita haemastoma 的影响）。在生长方面，三倍体几乎在所有指标上都比二倍体生长得更好。在齿轮类型中，底部笼子的生长最差。对于干组织重量，通过齿轮相互作用存在显着的倍性；在浮袋中，三倍体和二倍体之间没有差异，但三倍体的干组织重量高于任何其他齿轮类型的二倍体。处理之间的扇形比率没有观察到差异，但三倍体的杯形比率显着高于二倍体。对于状况指数，出乎意料的是，8 月份的样本中没有用倍性解释的明确模式。然而，10月份，三倍体状况指数超过了二倍体状况指数。最后，齿轮或倍性对两种弧菌的丰度没有显着影响。进行了评估，但三倍体中的这些丰度有低于二倍体的趋势。这项研究为越来越多的已发表证据增添了遗传三倍体对东部牡蛎养殖业的好处的证据。我们的结论是，牡蛎养殖者有望从饲养三倍体牡蛎中受益，但这些收益的大小将取决于所选设备的类型。
In 2011 at a commercial oyster farm in Grand Bay, Alabama, we conducted an experimental field test of ploidy (triploids and half-sibling diploids) and gear type: 1) LowPro bottom cages (Chesapeake Bay Oyster Company — CBOC), 2) adjustable long-line baskets (BST, Ltd.), 3) OysterGro floating cages (Ketcham Supply) and 4) floating bags (CBOC). Eastern oysters,Crassostreavirginica, were deployed in the four gear types from May 5 to October 11 (166 days), with replicate bags of each ploidy assigned to each gear type (n ≥ 3). Survival, growth (both shell dimensions and weight measurements, adjusted to account for differences between the ploidies at the onset of the experiment), and oyster shape (‘fan’ & ‘cup’ ratios) were quantified at the conclusion of the experiment. Condition indices were determined in both August and October, while abundances of the bacteria,VibriovulnificusandV. parahaemolyticus, were quantified in August and September. Survival was equivalent between ploidies, but differed significantly among gear types with poor survival in the bottom cages (affected by the oyster drill,Stramonita haemastoma). In terms of growth, triploids grew better than diploids for almost all metrics. Among gear types, growth was poorest in the bottom cages. For dry tissue weight, there was a significant ploidy by gear interaction; within floating bags, there was no difference between triploids and diploids, but triploids had higher dry tissue weight than the diploids in any other gear type. No differences were observed in fan ratios among treatments, but triploids had significantly higher cup ratios than diploids. For condition index, unexpectedly there was no clear pattern explained by ploidy in the August sample. In October, however, triploid condition index exceeded the diploid condition index. Finally, there was no significant effect of gear or ploidy on the abundances of the twoVibriospp. assessed, but there was a tendency for these abundances to be lower in triploids than diploids. This study adds to the growing body of published evidence of the benefits of genetic triploidy to the Eastern oyster aquaculture industry. We conclude that oyster farmers could expect to benefit from raising triploid oysters, but that the magnitude of these benefits will depend on the type of gear selected.