Speciation of Water‐Soluble Inorganic, Organic, and Total Nitrogen in a Background Marine Environment: Cloud Water, Rainwater, and Aerosol Particles
Speciation of Water‐Soluble Inorganic, Organic, and Total Nitrogen in a Background Marine Environment: Cloud Water, Rainwater, and Aerosol Particles
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DOI：
10.1029/2010jd015010
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发表时间：
2011-03
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通讯作者：
A. Gioda;Gabriel J Reyes-Rodríguez;G. Santos-Figueroa;J. Collett;S. Decesari;M. C. K. V. Ramos;Heleno J. C. Bezerra Netto;F. A. Neto;O. Mayol-Bracero
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作者：
A. Gioda;Gabriel J Reyes-Rodríguez;G. Santos-Figueroa;J. Collett;S. Decesari;M. C. K. V. Ramos;Heleno J. C. Bezerra Netto;F. A. Neto;O. Mayol-Bracero
[1]从2004年12月至2007年3月，在波多黎各收集了云水、雨水和气溶胶颗粒，以调查它们的化学成分、与来源的关系和去除过程。分析的物种是无机离子，金属，总和溶解有机碳（TOC，DOC），总氮（TN），和有机酸。所有样品的优势种均为海洋性（Na+、Cl−），约占总含量的50%-65%。非海盐组分以SO 42 −（17%-25%）为主，其次是水溶性有机物（2%-8%）和总氮（2%-6%）化合物。有机酸对云水有机组分的贡献为20%，对气溶胶颗粒的贡献为6%。无机氮在总氮中占绝对优势。云水、雨水和气溶胶粒子的化学成分对传输模式很敏感。来自非洲西北部的空气质量显示出最高浓度的nss-Ca 2+，Fe和Al，这表明地壳起源。在这种运输模式下观察到的云水和雨水的pH值高于背景条件下，可能是由于碱性与nss-Ca 2+。Cl−和SO 42 −的最高浓度，pH值较低，是在苏弗里埃山火山爆发的影响期间测量的，最有可能是由于排放的SO2和HCl。来自北美的空气质量具有人为影响，其中nss-SO 42 −、TOC和TN的水平高于清洁空气质量（104倍）。这些结果表明，远距离迁移可能是加勒比区域生态系统的金属和有机/氮物种的一个额外来源。
[1] Cloud water, rainwater, and aerosol particles were collected in Puerto Rico from December 2004 to March 2007 in order to investigate their chemical composition, relation to sources, and removal processes. The species analyzed were inorganic ions, metals, total and dissolved organic carbon (TOC, DOC), total nitrogen (TN), and organic acids. For all samples, the dominant species were marine (Na+, Cl−), representing about 50%–65% of total content. Non-sea-salt fraction was dominated by SO42− (17%–25%), followed by water-soluble organic (2%–8%) and total nitrogen (2% –6%) compounds. Organic acids represented contributions to the organic fraction in cloud water of 20% and 6% for aerosol particles. Inorganic species were predominant in total nitrogen portion. The chemical composition of cloud water, rainwater, and aerosol particles were observed to be sensitive to transport patterns. Air masses from northwest Africa showed the highest concentrations of nss-Ca2+, Fe, and Al, suggesting a crustal origin. The pH values for cloud water and rainwater observed under this transport pattern were higher than background conditions, probably due to the alkalinity associated with nss-Ca2+. The highest concentrations of Cl− and SO42−, with lower pH, were measured during periods of influence from Soufriere Hills volcano eruptions, most likely due to emitted SO2 and HCl. Air masses from North America had an anthropogenic influence, where levels of nss-SO42−, TOC, and TN were higher (∼4 times) than in clean air masses. These results suggest that long-range transport could be an extra source of metals and organic/nitrogen species to the Caribbean region ecosystems.