Basic oxygen furnace slag as a treatment material for pathogens: contribution of inactivation and attachment in virus attenuation.
Basic oxygen furnace slag as a treatment material for pathogens: contribution of inactivation and attachment in virus attenuation.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.watres.2009.11.054
复制
发表时间：
2010-02
期刊：
影响因子：
12.8
通讯作者：
J. Stimson;G. Chae;C. Ptacek;M. Emelko;M. M. Mesquita-M.;R. Hirata;D. Blowes
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Stimson;G. Chae;C. Ptacek;M. Emelko;M. M. Mesquita-M.;R. Hirata;D. Blowes
研究了碱性氧炉（BOF）炉渣作为现场卫生系统的潜在处理材料。通过批量和柱状研究，评估了BOF培养基对噬菌体PR772和0.190 μm直径微球的衰减作用，并描述了病毒衰减的两个主要过程：灭活和附着的相对贡献。在4°C下进行的批量研究中，在pH 7.6和9.5的悬液中没有出现PR772的大量失活。在pH 11.4下，观察到PR772的双峰失活，前两天的初始速率为2.1 log C/C0day−1，随后10天的速率为0.124 log C/C0day−1。采用两种矿渣源（Stelco, Ontario; tubar<e:1> o, Brazil），结合砂和豌豆砾石，在4°C条件下，以1孔体积日- 1的流速进行了两项柱状研究。在两个柱实验中，随着时间的推移，流出微球浓度接近输入浓度（降低0.1-0.2 log C/C0），表明微球的附着过程可以忽略不计。PR772病毒的去除在实验的早期阶段更为明显，但在较长的运输时间（0.5-1.0 log C/C0）后也更为明显。PR772的减少似乎主要是由于BOF混合物产生的pH值升高导致病毒失活（10.6-11.4）。使用转炉培养基的现场卫生系统应设计成在转炉培养基与废水之间保持足够的接触时间，以使病原体在升高的pH条件下有足够的停留时间。
Basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag media were studied as a potential treatment material in on-site sanitation systems. Batch and column studies were conducted to evaluate attenuation of the bacteriophage PR772 and 0.190 μm diameter microspheres by BOF media, and to delineate the relative contributions of two principle processes of virus attenuation: inactivation and attachment. In the batch studies, conducted at 4°C, substantial inactivation of PR772 did not occur in the pH 7.6 and 9.5 suspensions. At pH 11.4, bimodal inactivation of PR772 was observed, at an initial rate of 2.1 log C/C0day−1for the first two days, followed by a much slower rate of 0.124 log C/C0day−1over the following 10 days. Two column studies were conducted at 4°C at a flow rate of 1 pore volume day−1using two slag sources (Stelco, Ontario; Tubarão, Brazil) combined with sand and pea gravel. In both column experiments, the effluent microsphere concentration approached input concentrations over time (reductions of 0.1–0.2 log C/C0), suggesting attachment processes for microspheres were negligible. Removal of PR772 virus was more pronounced both during the early stages of the experiments, but also after longer transport times (0.5–1.0 log C/C0). PR772 reduction appeared to be primarily as a result of virus inactivation in response to the elevated pH conditions generated by the BOF mixture (10.6–11.4). On-site sanitation systems using BOF media should be designed to maintain sufficient contact time between the BOF media and the wastewater to allow sufficient residence time of pathogens at elevated pH conditions.